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Quantitative Geruchswahrnehmung

  • Chapter
Riechstoffe und Geruchssinn

Zusammenfassung

Die Geruchsempfindlichkeit beim Menschen schwankt von Individuum zu Individuum und hängt von seinem physiologischen, psychologischen und pathologischen Zustand ab. Ein differenziertes Bild ergibt sich aus der umfangreichsten wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung [1], deren Daten über die Wahrnehmbarkeit von 6 Gerüchen (5a—Androst16-en-3-on, Isoamylacetat, Galaxolid, Eugenol, Merkaptangemisch und Rosenkomposition) von 1,5 Millionen Testpersonen stammen [2]. Daraus geht hervor, daß Frauen im allgemeinen und über alle Altersstufen hinweg über eine größere Geruchsschärfe als Männer verfügen. Beide Geschlechter erreichen ihre höchste Empfindlichkeit nach der Pubertät. Sie nimmt um 70 merklich, ab 80 deutlich ab. Es besteht eine Beziehung zwischen Geruch und endokrinem Zustand des Körpers. So variiert z.B. die Geruchssensibilität von Exaltolid® mit dem Haushalt der Sexualhormone während des Menstruationszyklus. Östrogene steigern die Geruchsempflindlichkeit gegenüber Moschusriechstoffen, während Androgene sie vermindern [3] [4]. Im Verlaufe der Schwangerschaft kann sogar ein reversibler Geruchsverlust eintreten [2]. Bei der Mehrzahl der Testpersonen (62,4%) wurde ein zeitlicher Ausfall des Geruchs registriert [2], der besonders durch Grippe, Schnupfen und Sinusinfektionen hervorgerufen wird. 1,2% aller Menschen besitzen überhaupt keinen Geruchssinn [2]. Dieses Phänomen wird als totale Anosmie bezeichnet. Es sind aber auch eine Reihe von nichtinfektiösen Krankheiten bekannt, die den Geruch und Geschmack beeinflussen können [5].

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    Professor Dr. Günther Ohloff

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Ohloff, G. (1990). Quantitative Geruchswahrnehmung. In: Riechstoffe und Geruchssinn. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09768-7_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09768-7_3

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