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Chronobiology of Development and Aging

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Physiology and Pharmacology of Biological Rhythms

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 125))

Abstract

The human time structure consists of a spectrum of rhythms of different frequencies which are superimposed on trends such as development and aging. In some variables and some frequencies, the amplitudes of the rhythmic variations may be larger than the change found in the rhythm-adjusted mean value during a lifetime. Many rhythms are genetically determined (endogenous). Some endogenous rhythms, e.g., in the circadian, circaseptan, or circannual frequency range, are adjusted in time (synchronized) by environmental factors, a process which adapts the human organism to our periodic surrounding. The genetic-environmental interactions in the establishment and the maintenance of rhythms begin in early intrauterine life and continue during infancy and childhood with the development of the mature time structure similar to that seen in the adult during the first 12–24 months of extrauterine life. Optimal functioning of the human organism depends upon an appropriate sequence of metabolic events and related variables within the organism (internal synchronization) and a temporal adjustment of these rhythms to the rhythmic events in our environment (external synchronization) (for review see Haus and Touitou 1994a). The availability of the “right” metabolite at the “right” time allows the orderly sequence of metabolic events required for tissue proliferation and/or other functions. Alterations in the human time structure accompany, and in some instances appear to be responsible for, the decline of many vital functions in the elderly with loss of adaptability to the environmental needs and increased risk of developing and succumbing to disease. However, it remains unclear whether the changes in the human time structure observed in the elderly are a cause or a consequence of the aging process. Changes in the time relation of the elderly to environmental synchronizers and failure to adapt to synchronizer changes may lead to clinical symptomatology and impairment of well-being.

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Authors
  1. E. Haus
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  2. Y. Touitou
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA1 7AY, Bath, UK

    Peter H. Redfern BPharm, PhD

  2. Instituts für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Fakultät für klinische Medizin Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Maybachstr. 14-16, 68169, Mannheim, Germany

    B. Lemmer (Direktor) (Direktor)

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© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Haus, E., Touitou, Y. (1997). Chronobiology of Development and Aging. In: Redfern, P.H., Lemmer, B. (eds) Physiology and Pharmacology of Biological Rhythms. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 125. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09355-9_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09355-9_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-08265-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-09355-9

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