Abstract
Several strategies are aimed at increasing the selectivity of anticancer agents against cancer cells. Some are based on tumor cell biology: new drug development, resistance revertants, etc. Others are targeted at host cells: development of analogs with less toxicity than the parent drug, combinations of cytostatics without additive toxicities, scheduling and/or supportive care in order to increase chemotherapy tolerability, etc. (de Vita et al. 1993). A dose-efficacy relationship has been repeatedly established for cancer chemotherapy (Hryniuk 1988). For this reason, the chronobiology of normal cells has constituted the main basis for attempting to improve the therapeutic index of cytostatic drugs. It was expected that an increase in drug doses, and therefore therapeutic efficacy, would result from an adaptation of drug delivery to circadian rhythms (chronotherapy). We will examine the several steps which have led to the validation of the clinical relevance of chronotherapy in medical oncology that was anticipated more than 20 years ago (Haus et al. 1972; Halberg et al. 1973). Only the circadian aspects will be considered.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adler S, Lang S, Langenmayer I et al (1994) Chronotherapy with 5-fluoruracil and folinic acid in advanced colorectal carcinoma. Results of a chronopharmacologic phase I trial. Cancer 73: 2905–2912
Advanced Colorectal Cancer Meta-Analysis Project (Piedbois P et al) (1992) Modulation of fluorouracil by leucovorin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: evidence in terms of response rate. J Clin Oncol 10:896–903
Aherne GW, English J, Burton N et al (1987) Chronopharmacokinetics and their relationship to toxicity and effect with reference to methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine and morphine. Proceedings of the satellite symposia of the 4th European Conference of Clinical Oncology (ECCO-4), Madrid 1–4 Nov 1987, p 40
Badran AF, Echave Llanos JM (1965) Persistence of mitotic circadian rhythm of a transplantable mammary carcinoma after 35 generations: its bearing on the success of treatment with endoxan. J Natl Cancer Inst 35: 285–290
Bailleul F, Lévi F, Reinberg A, Mathe G (1986) Interindividual differences in the cir- cadian hematologic time structure of cancer patients. Chronobiol Int 3: 47–54
Bailleul F, Lévi F, Metzger G et al (1987) Chronotherapy of advanced breast cancer with continuous doxorubicin infusion (C DOX I) via an implantable programmable device. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 28: 194 (abstract 771)
Balis FM, Jeffries SL, Lange B et al (1989) Chronopharmacokinetics of oral methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine: is there diurnal variation in the disposition of antileukemic therapy? Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 11: 324–326
Belanger PM, Labrecque G (1992) Biological rhythms in hepatic drug metabolism and biliary systems. In: Touitou Y, Haus E (eds) Biologic rhythms in clinical and laboratory medicine. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 403–409
Benavides M (1991) Cancer avancé de l’ovaire: approche chronobiologique comme nouvelle stratégie du traitement et de la surveillance clinique et biologique. Thèse de doctorat en cancérologie, Université Paris X I
Bertheault-Cvitkovic F, Lévi F, Soussan S et al (1993) Circadian-rhythm modulated chemotherapy with high-dose 5-fluorouracil: a pilot study in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Eur J Cancer 29A (13): 1851–1854
Bertheault-Cvitkovic F, Jami A, Ithzaki M et al (1996) Biweekly dose intensification of circadian chronotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid and oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 14 (11) (in press)
Bjarnason GA (1995) Clinical cancer chronotherapy trials: a review. J Infus Chemother 5: 29–37
Bjarnason GA, Kerr IG, Doyle N et al (1993) Phase I study of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin by a 14-day circadian infusion in metastatic adenocarcinoma patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 33: 221–228
Boughattas NA, Lévi F, Hecquet B et al (1988) Circadian time dependence of murine tolerance for carboplatin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 96: 233–247
Boughattas N, Lévi F, Fournier C et al (1989) Circadian rhythm in toxicities and tissue uptake of 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (trans-1) oxalatoplatinum ( II) in mice. Cancer Res 49: 3362–3368
Boughattas N, Lévi F, Fournier C et al (1990) Stable circadian mechanisms of toxicity of two platinum analogs (cisplatin and carboplatin) despite repeated dosages in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 255: 672–679
Boughattas NA, Hecquet H, Fournier C et al (1994) Comparative pharmacokinetics of oxaliplatin (L-OHP) and carboplatin (CBDCA) in mice with reference to circadian dosing time. Biopharm Drug Dispos 15 (864): 1–13
Buchi KN, Moore JG, Hrushesky WJM et al (1991) Circadian rhythm of cellular proliferation in the human rectal mucosa. Gastroenterology 101:410–415
Buchi KN, Moore JG, Hrushesky WJM et al (1991) Circadian rhythm of cellular proliferation in the human rectal mucosa. Gastroenterology 101:410–415
Burns ER, Beland SS (1984) Effect of biological time on the determination of the LD50 of 5-fluorouracil in mice. Pharmacology 28: 296–300
Cambar J, L’Azou B, Cal JC (1992) Chronotoxicology. In: Touitou Y, Haus E (eds) Biologic rhythms in clinical and laboratory medicine. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 138–150
Canal P, Sqalli A, De Forni M et al (1991) Chronopharmacokinetics of doxorubicin in patients with breast cancer. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 40: 287–291
Caussanel JP, Lévi F, Brienza S et al (1990) Phase I trial of 5-day continuous infusion of oxaliplatinum at circadian-modulated vs constant rate. J Natl Cancer Inst 82: 1046–1050
Chollet P, Cure H, Garufi C et al Phase II trial with chronomodulated 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and folinic acid (FA) in metastatic colorectal cancer. Proceedings of the 6th international conference on chronopharmacology and chronotherapy, Amelia Island, 5–9 July 1994, abstract VIIIb-4
Codacci-Pisanelli G, van der Wilt C, Pinedo H et al (1995) Antitumor activity, toxicity and inhibition of thymidilate synthase of prolonged administration of 5-fluorouracil in mice. Eur J Cancer 31A: 1517–1525
Damascelli B, Marchiano A, Spreafico C et al (1990) Circadian continuous chemotherapy of renal cell carcinoma with an implantable, programmable infusion pump. Cancer 66: 237–241
Deka AC (1975) Application of chronobiology to radiotherapy to tumours of the oral cavity. MD thesis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Deprés-Brummer P, Lévi F, Di Palma M et al (1991) A phase I trial of 21-day continuous venous infusion of alpha-interferon at circadian rhythm modulated rate in cancer patients. J Immunother 10: 440–447
Deprés-Brummer P, Bertheault-Cvitkovic F, Lévi F et al (1995) Circadian rhythm modulated (CRM) chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer with mitoxantrone, 5fluorouracil and folinic acid: preliminary results of a phase I trial. J Infus Che-mother. 5 (3, suppl 1): 144–147
De Vita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA (1993) Cancer. Principles and practice of oncology. Lippincott, Philadelphia
Dexeus FH, Logothetis CJ, Sella A et al (1991) Circadian infusion of floxuridine in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 146: 709–713
Eksborg S, Stendahl U, Antila K (1989) Pharmacokinetics of 4’epiadriamycin after morning and afternoon intravenous administration. Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother 6: 195–197
El Kouni MH, Naguib FNM, Park KS et al (1990) Circadian rhythm of hepatic uridine phosphorylase activity and plasma concentration of uridine in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 40: 2479–2485
English J, Marks V (1981) Diurnal variation in methylprednisolone metabolism in the rat. IRSC Med Sci 9: 721
English J, Aherne GW, Marks V (1982) The effect of timing of a single injection on the toxicity of methotrexate in the rat. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 9: 114–117
Fleming GF, Schilsky RL, Mick R et al (1994) Circadian variation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cortisol plasma levels during continuous-infusion 5-FU and leucovorin (LV) in patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 13: 352 (abstract)
Focan C (1979) Sequential chemotherapy and circadian rhythm in human solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 3: 197–202
Focan C (1985) Le rythme nycthéméral de la prolifération tumorale. Aspects expérimentaux et cliniques. Implication pour la chimiothérapie oncolytique. Thèse de doctorat en sciences biomédicales expérimentales, Université de Liège
Focan C, Doalto L, Mazy V et al (1989) Vindesine en perfusion continue de 48 heures (suivie de cisplatine) dans le cancer pulmonaire avancé. Données chronopharmacocinétiques et efficacité clinique. Bull Cancer (Paris) 76: 909–912
Focan C, Denis B, Kreutz F et al (1994) Ambulatory chronotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), folinic acid (F) and carboplatin for advanced non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc Eur Soc Med Oncol Ann Oncol 1994 5 [Suppl 8]: P760 (abstract)
Focan C, Denis B, Kreutz F et al (1995) Ambulatory chronotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid and carboplatin for advanced non small cell lung cancer. A phase II feasibility trial. J Infus Chemother 5 (Suppl 1): 148–152
Garcia-Sainz M, Halberg F (1966) Mitotic rhythms in human cancer reevaluated by electronic computer programs. Evidence for chronopathology. J Natl Cancer Inst 37: 279–292
Garufi C, Lévi F, Aschelter AM et al A Phase I trial of five day chronomodulated infusion of 5-fluorouracil and 1-folinic acid in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (submitted for publication)
Gautherie M, Gros C (1974) Circadian rhythm alteration of skin temperature in breast cancer. Chronobiologia 4: 1–17
Giacchetti S, Gruia G, Itzhaki M et al (1995) Surgery after chronomodulated chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), folinic acid (FA) and oxaliplatin (L-OHP) (chrono) allows long term survival of patients (pts) with unresectable colorectal liver metastases. Proc Am Assoc Clin Oncol 492 (abstract)
Gonzalez RB, Sothern RB, Thatcher G et al (1989) Substantial difference in timing of murine circadian susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil and FUDR. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 30: A2452 (abstract)
Halberg F, Haus E, Cardoso SS et al (1973) Toward a chronotherapy of neoplasia: tolerance of treatment depends upon host rhythms. Experientia 29: 909–934
Halberg F, Gupta BD, Haus E, Halberg E, Deka AC, Nelson W, Sothern RB, Cornelissen G, Klee J, Lakatua DJ, Scheving LE, Burns ER (1977) Steps toward a cancer chronopolytherapy. Proc. XIV and Congrès International de Thérapeutique, 810 Septembre 1977, Montpellier, France, pp 151–196
Halberg F, Nelson W, Lévi F et al (1980) Chronotherapy of rat mammary cancer. Int J Chronobiol 7: 85–90
Harris B, Song R, Soong S et al (1989) Circadian variation of 5-fluorouracil catabolism in isolated perfused rat. Cancer Res 49: 6610–6614
Harris B, Song R, Soong S et al (1990) Relationship between dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity and plasma 5-fluorouracil levels:evidence for circadian variation of plasma drug levels in cancer patients receiving 5-fluorouracil by protracted continuous infusion. Cancer Res 50: 197–201
Hassan M, Oberg G, Bekassy AN et al (1991) Pharmacokinetics of high-dose busulphan in relation to age and chronopharmacology. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 28: 130–134
Haus E, Halberg F, Scheving L et al (1972) Increased tolerance of leukemic mice to arabinosylcytosine with schedule-adjusted to circadian system. Science 177: 80–82
Hecquet B, Sucche M (1986) Theoretical study of the influence of the circadian rhythm of plasma protein binding in cisplatin area under the curve. J Pharmacokinet Biopharmacol 14: 79–93
Hecquet B, Meynadier J, Bonneterre J et al (1985) Time dependency in plasmatic protein binding of cisplatin. Cancer Treat Rep 69: 79–83
Hrushesky W (1985) Circadian timing of cancer chemotherapy. Science 228: 73–75
Hrushesky WJ, Lévi F, Halberg F et al (1982a) Circadian stage dependence of cisdiamminedichloroplatinum lethal toxicity in rats. Cancer Res 42: 945–949
Hrushesky WJM, Borch R, Lévi F (1982b) Circadian time dependence of cisplatin urinary kinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 32: 330–339
Hrushesky WJ, Haus E, Lakatua F et al (1983) Marker rhythms for cancer chrono-chemotherapy. In: Haus E, Kabat HF (eds) Chronobiology 1982–1983. Karger, Basel, pp 493–499
Hrushesky W, von Roemeling R, Lanning RM et al (1990) Circadian-shaped infusions of floxuridine for progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 8: 1504–1513
Hrushesky WJM, Bjarnason GA (1993a) The application of circadian chronobiology to cancer chemotherapy. In: DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA (eds) Cancer. Principles and practice on oncology. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 2666–2686
Hrushesky WJM, Bjarnason GA (1993b) Circadian cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol 11: 1403–1417
Hryniuk WM (1988) The importance of dose intensity in the outcome of chemotherapy. In: De Vita VT, Holman S, Rosenberg SA (eds) Important advances in oncology. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 121–142
Kerr DJ, Lewis C, O’Neil B et al (1990) The myelotoxicity of carboplatin is influenced by the time of its administration. Hematol Oncol 8: 59–63
Killman SA, Cronkite ZEP, Fliedner TM et al (1962) Mitotic indices of human bone marrow cells. 1. Number and cytologic distribution of mitoses. Blood 19: 743–750
Klevecz R, Braly P (1987) Circadian and ultradian rhythms of proliferation in human ovarian cancer. Chronobiol Int 4 (4): 513–523
Klevecz R, Shymko R, Braly P (1987) Circadian gating of S phase in human ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 47: 6267–6271
Kodama M, Kodama T (1982) Influence of corticosteroid hormones on the therapeutic efficacy of cyclosphosphamide. Gann 73: 661–666
Koren G, Langevin AM, Olivieri N et al (1990) Diurnal variation in the pharmacokinetics and myelotoxicity of mercaptopurine in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Dis Child 144: 1135–1137
Koren G, Ferrazini G, Sohl H et al (1992) Chronopharmacology of methotrexate pharmacokinetics in childhood leukemia. Chronobiol Int 9: 434–438
Langevin AM, Koren G, Soldin Si et al (1987) Pharmacokinetic case for giving 6mercaptopurine maintenance doses at night. Lancet 2: 505–506
Leichman CG, Fleming TR, Muggia FM et al (1995) Phase II study of fluorouracil and its modulation in advanced colorectal cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol 13: 1303–1311
Lévi F (1995) Chronochimiothérapie et intensité de dose. Bull Cancer 82 [Suppl 1]: 29s - 35s
Lévi F, Hrushesky W, Blomquist CH et al (1982a) Reduction of cis-diaminedichloroplatinum nephrotoxicity in rats by optimal circadian drug timing. Cancer Res 42: 950–955
Lévi F, Hrushesky WJM, Borch RF et al (1982b) Cisplatin urinary pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity: a common circadian mechanism. Cancer Treat Rep 66: 1933–1938
Lévi F, Mechkouri M, Roulon A et al (1985) Circadian rhythm in tolerance of mice for the new anthracycline analog 4’-0-tetrahydropyranyl-adriamycin ( THP ). Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 21: 1245–1251
Lévi F, Metzger G, Bailleul F et al (1986) Circadian-varying plasma pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin ( DOX) despite continuous infusion at constant rate. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 27: 693
Lévi F, Boughattas NA, Blazsek I (1988a) Comparative chronotoxicity of anticancer agents and related mechanisms. Annu Rev Chronopharmacol 4: 283–331
Lévi F, Blazsek I, Ferle-Vidovic A (1988b) Circadian and seasonal rhythms in murine bone marrow colony-forming cells affect tolerance for the anticancer agent 4’-0tetrahydropyranyladriamycin ( THP ). Exp Hematol 16: 696–701
Lévi F, Benavides M, Chevelle C et al (1990) Chemotherapy of advanced ovarian cancer with 4’-0-tetrahydropyranyl adriamycin (THP) and cisplatin: a phase II trial with an evaluation of circadian timing and dose intensity. J Clin Oncol 8: 705–714
Lévi F, Misset JL, Brienza S et al (1992) A chronopharmacologic phase II clinical trial with 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid and oxaliplatin using an ambulatory multichannel programmable pump. High antitumor effectiveness against metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer 69: 893–900
Lévi F, Brienza S, Metzger G et al (1993a) Implications of chronobiology for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) efficacy. In: Rustum YM (ed) Novel approaches to selective treatments of human solid tumors: laboratory and clinical correlation. Plenum, New York, pp 169–186
Lévi F, Perpoint B, Garufi C et al (1993b) Oxaliplatin activity against metastatic colorectal cancer. A phase II study of 5-day continuous venous infusion at circadian rhythm modulated rate. Eur J Cancer 29 (9): 1280–1284
Lévi F, Bourin P, Deprés-Brummer P et al (1994a) Chronobiology of the immune system: implication for the delivery of therapeutic agents. Clin Immunother 2 (1): 53–64
Lévi F, Tampellini M, Metzger G et al (1994b) Circadian changes in mitoxantrone toxicity in mice:relationship with plasma pharmacokinetics. Int J Cancer 59: 543–547
Lévi F, Zidani R, Vannetzel JM et al (1994c) Chronomodulated versus fixed infusion rate delivery of ambulatory chemotherapy with oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid in patients with colorectal cancer metastases. A randomized multiinstitutional trial. J Nati Cancer Inst 86: 1608–1617
Lévi F, Zidani R, Dipalma M, International Organization for Cancer Chronotherapy (IOCC) (1994d) Improved therapeutic index through ambulatory circadian rhythmic delivery (CRD) of high dose 3-drug chemotherapy in a randomized phase III multicenter trial. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 13: 574 (abstract)
Lévi F, Giacchetti S, Adam R, International Organization for Cancer Chronotherapy (1995a) Chronomodulation of chemotherapy against metastatic colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 31A: 1264–1270
Lévi F, Soussan A, Adam R et al (1995b) A Phase I-II trial of five-day continuous intravenous infusion of 5-fluorouracil delivered at circadian rhythm modulated rate in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Infus Chemother 5 (Suppl 1): 153–158
Lévi F, Zidani R, Vannetzel JM et al (1995c) Chronomodulated versus flat infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), folinic acid (FA) and oxaliplatin (L-OHP) against metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC) in 2 consecutive European randomized multicenter trials (T). Proc Am Assoc Clin Oncol 493 (abstract)
Lévi F, Dogliotti L, Perpoint B et al (1995d) Ambulatory intensified 4-day (d) every 2 weeks chronotherapy with oxaliplatin (L-OHP), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and folinic acid (FA) in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 568 (abstract)
Li XM, Metzger G, Filipski E et al Pharmacologic modulation of reduced glutathione (GSH) circadian rhythms by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO): relationship with cisplatin (CDDP) toxicity in mice (submitted for publication)
Malmary-Nebot M, Labat C, Casanovas A et al (1985) Aspect chronobiologique de l’action du methotréxate sur la dihydrofolate réductase. Ann Pharm Fr 43: 337–343
Martineau-Pivoteau N, Lévi F, Cussac C (in press) Circadian rhythm in toxic effects of cystemustine and its relationship with alkytransferase activity. Int J Cancer Mauer AM (1965) Diurnal variation of proliferative activity in the human bone marrow. Blood 26:1–7
Metzger G, Massari C, Etienne MC et al (1994) Spontaneous or imposed circadian changes in plasma concentrations of 5-fluorouracil coadministered with folinic acid and oxaliplatin: relationship with mucosal toxicity in cancer patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 56: 190–201
Mormont C, Boughattas N, Lévi F et al (1989) Mechanisms of circadian rhythms in the toxicity and the efficacy of anticancer drugs: relevance for the development of new analogs. In: Lemmer B (ed) Chronopharmacology: cellular and biochemical interactions. Dekker, New York, pp 395–437
Naguib FNM, Soong SJ, El Kouni MH (1993) Circadian rhythm of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase, pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylases and dihydrouracil dehydrogenase in mouse liver. Biochem Pharmacol 45: 667–673
Nowakowska-Dulawa E (1990) Circadian rhythm in 5-fluorouracil (FU) pharmacokinetics and tolerance. Chronobiologia 17: 27–35
Perpoint B, Le Bousse-Kerdiles C, Clay D et al (1995) In vitro chronopharmacology of recombinant mouse IL-3, mouse GM-CSF and human G-CSF on murine myeloid progenitor cells. Exp Hematol 23: 362–368
Peters GJ, Van Dijk J, Nadal JC, Van Groeningen CS, Lankelma J, Pinedo HM (1987) Diurnal variation in the therapeutic efficacy of 5-fluorouracil against murine colon cancer. In Vivo 1: 113–118
Petit E, Milano G, Lévi F et al (1988) Circadian varying plasma concentration of 5-FU during 5-day continuous venous infusion at constant rate in cancer patients. Cancer Res 48: 1676–1679
Rivard G, Infante-Rivard C, Hoyeux C et al (1985) Maintenance chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: better in the evening. Lancet I: 1264–1266
Robinson BA, Begg EJ, Colls BM et al (1989) Circadian pharmacokinetics of methotrexate. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 24: 397–399
Sabbag R, Sunderland M, Leclerc JM et al (1993) Chronopharmacokinetic of a 48-hour continuous infusion of doxorubicin to children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Proceedings of the XXIst conference of the International Society of Chronobiology, abstract XI - 5
Scheving LE, Haus E, Kuhl JEW et al (1976) Different laboratories closely reproduce characteristics of circadian rhythm in tolerance of mice for arabinofuranosylcytosine. Cancer Res 36: 1133–1137
Scheving LE, Burns ER, Pauly JE et al (1977) Survival and cure of leukemic mice after circadian optimization of treatment with cyclophosphamide and 1–3-arabinofuranosylcytosine. Cancer Res 37: 3648–3655
Scheving LE, Burns ER, Halberg F et al (1980a) Combined chronochemotherapy of L1210 leukemic mice using ß-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methylprednisolone and cis-diaminedichloroplatinum. Chronobiologia 17 (1): 33–40
Scheving LE, Burns ER, Pauly JE, Halberg F (1980b) Circadian bioperiodic response of mice bearing advanced L1210 leukemia to combination therapy with adriamycin and cyclophosphamide. Cancer Res 40: 1511–1515
Smaaland R, Laerum OD, Lote K et al (1991a) DNA synthesis in human bone marrow is circadian stage dependent. Blood 77: 2603–2611
Smaaland R, Svardal AM, Lote K et al (1991b) Glutathione content in human bone marrow and circadian stage relation to DNA synthesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 83: 1092–1098
Smaaland R, Laerum OD, Sothern RB et al (1992a) Colony-forming unit-granulocytemacrophage and DNA synthesis of human bone marrow are circadian stage-dependent and show covariation. Blood 79: 2281–2287
Smaaland R, Abrahamsen JF, Svardal AM (1992b) DNA cell cycle distribution and glutathione ( GSH) content according to circadian stage in bone marrow of cancer patients. Br J Cancer 66: 39–45
Smaaland R, Lote K, Sothern RB et al (1993) DNA synthesis and ploidy in non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas demonstrate variation depending on circadian stage of cell sampling. Cancer Res 53: 3129–3138
Sothern R, Lévi F, Haus E et al (1989) Control of a murine plasmacytoma with doxorubicin-cisplatin: dependence on circadian stage of treatment. J Natl Cancer Inst 81: 135–145
Squalli A, Oustrin J, Houin G et al (1989) Clinical chronopharmacokinetics of doxorubicin ( DXR ). Annu Rev Chronopharmacol 5: 393–396
Stoll BA, Burch W (1968) Surface detection of circadian rhythm in 32p content of cancer of the breast. Cancer 21: 193–196
Tahti E (1956) Studies of the effect of X-irradiation on 24 hour variations in the mitotic activity in human malignant tumors. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 117: 1–61
Tampellini M, Filipski E, Vrignaud P et al (1995) Circadian dosing time dependency of docetaxel toxicity in mice: implication for antitumor efficacy. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 36: 2713 (abstract)
Thiberville L, Compagnon P, Moore N et al (1992) Accumulation plasmatique du 5fluorouracile chez l’insuffisant respiratoire. Rev Mal Respir 111 (abstract)
Touitou Y, Lévi F, Bogdan A et al (1995) Circadian desynchronization of blood variables in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Role of prognostic factors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 121: 181–188
Vassal G, Challine D, Koscielny S et al (1993) Chronopharmacology of high-dose busulfan in children and its relationship with liver toxicity. Cancer Res 53: 1534–1537
Von Roemeling R, Hrushesky W (1989) Circadian patterning of continuous floxouridine infusion reduces toxicity and allows higher dose intensity in patients with widespread cancer. J. Clin. Oncol., 7: 1710–1719
Von Roemeling R, Hrushesky WJM (1990) Determination of the therapeutic index of floxuridine by its circadian infusion pattern. J Natl Cancer Inst 82: 386–393
Voutilainen A (1953) Über die 24-Stunden-Rhythmik der Mitozfrequenz in malignen Tumoren. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [Suppl] 99: 1–104
Warnakulasuriya KAAS, MacDonald DG (1993) Diurnal variation in labelling index in human buccal epithelium. Arch Oral Biol 38 (12): 1107–1111
Zhang R, Lu Z, Liu T et al (1993) Relationship between circadian-dependent toxicity of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and circadian rhythms of pyrimidine enzymes: possible relevance to fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy. Cancer Res 53: 2816–2822
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lévi, F. (1997). Chronopharmacology of Anticancer Agents. In: Redfern, P.H., Lemmer, B. (eds) Physiology and Pharmacology of Biological Rhythms. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 125. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09355-9_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09355-9_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-08265-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-09355-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive