Abstract
Most studies in surface science start with atomically clean substrate surface. Hence, knowledge of the atomic structure of clean surfaces is of great importance. It appears that the majority of surfaces, especially those of semiconductors, are essentially modified with respect to the corresponding atomic planes in the bulk. In this chapter, the general types of such modifications, called relaxation and reconstruction, are first introduced and then illustrated by several examples. Of course, these examples cannot cover the diversity of atomic structures occurring at clean surfaces of crystals, but they should give an impression of what the surface might look like and what kind of physics might stand behind a particular surface structure.
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Further Reading
C.B. Duke: Surface Structures of Tetrahedrally Coordinated Semiconductors: Principles, Practice, and Universality. Appl. Surf. Sci. 65/66, 543–552 (1993) (general principles of semiconductor surface reconstructions)
G.A. Somorjai: Introduction to Surface Chemistry and Catalysis (John Wiley, New York 1994) Chapter 2 (vast list of structures occurring at clean crystal surfaces in tabular form with brief comments)
J.A. Stroscio, W.J. Kaiser (Ed.): Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. Methods of Experimental Physics. Vol. 27 (Academic Press, San Diego 1993) Chapters 5 and 6 (clean semiconductor and metal surfaces as seen in STM)
A. Fasolini, A. Selloni, A. Shkrebtii: ‘Surface Reconstruction and Relaxation’. In: Physics of Solid Surfaces. Landolt-Börnstein. Vol. III/24a. ed. by G. Chiarotti (Springer, Berlin 1993) Chapter 2.2 (detailed data on relaxation and reconstruction of clean surfaces)
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Oura, K., Katayama, M., Zotov, A.V., Lifshits, V.G., Saranin, A.A. (2003). Atomic Structure of Clean Surfaces. In: Surface Science. Advanced Texts in Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05179-5_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05179-5_8
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