Abstract
Many tests have been proposed in combination with echocardiography; only a few have a role in clinical practice. For the diagnosis of organic coronary artery disease, exercise remains the paradigm of all stress tests and the first which was combined with stress echocardiography. In the early 1970s, M-mode recordings of the left ventricle were used in normal subjects [1] and in patients with coronary artery disease [2]. Subsequently, 2-D echocardiography was used to document ischemic regional wall motion abnormality during exercise [3].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kraunz RF, Kennedy JW (1970) An ultrasonic determination of left ventricular wall motion in normal man. Studies at rest and after exercise. Am Heart J 79:36–43
Mason SJ, Weiss JL, Weisfeldt ML, et al (1979) Exercise echocardiography in detection of wall motion abnormalities during ischemia. Circulation 59:50–54
Wann LS, Faris JV, Childress RH, et al (1979) Exercise cross sectional echocardiography in ischemic heart disease. Circulation 60:1300–1308
Robertson WS, Feigenbaum H, Armstrong WF, et al (1983) Exercise echocardiography: a clinically practical addition in the evaluation of coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2:1085–1091
Ryan T, Segar DS, Sawada SG, et al (1993) Detection of coronary artery disease using upright bicycle exercise echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 6:186–197
Kloner RA, Allen J, Cox TA, et al (1991) Stunned left ventricular myocardium after exercise treadmill testing in coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 68:329–334
Berberich SN, Wager JRS, Plotnick GD, et al (1984) A practical approach to exercise echocardiography: immediate post exercise echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 3:284–290
Hecht HS, DeBord L, Sho WR, et al (1993) Digital supine bicycle stress echocardiography: a new technique for evaluating coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 21:950–956
Thadani U, West RO, Mathew TM, et al (1977) Hemodynamics at rest and during supine and sitting bicycle exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 39:776–783
Currie PJ, Kelly MJ, Pitt A (1983) Comparison of supine and erect bicycle exercise eletrocar-diography in coronary artery disease: accentuation of exercise-induced ischemic ST segment depression by supine posture. Am J Cardiol 52:1167–1173
Yamakado T, Kasai A, Masuda T, et al (1996) Exercise-induced coronary spasm: comparison of treadmill and bicycle exercise in patients with vasospastic angina. Coron Artery Dis 7:819–822
Feigenbaum H. The evolution of stress echocardiography (1999) In: Cardiology Clinics of North America. Stress Echocardiography 17:443–446
Bossone E, Armstrong WF (1999) Exercise echocardiography. Principles, methods and clinical use. In: Aurigemma GP (ed) Cardiology clinics. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 443–446
Armstrong WF, O’Donnell J, Ryan T, et al (1987) Effect of prior myocardial infarction and extent and location of coronary artery disease on accuracy of exercise echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 10:531–538
Crouse LJ, Harbrecht JJ, Vacek JL, et al (1991) Exercise echocardiography as a screening test for coronary artery disease and correlation with Coronary angiography. Am J Cardiol 67:1213–1218
Quinones MA, Verani MS, Haichin RM, et al (1992) Exercise echocardiography versus thailium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography in evaluation of coronary artery disease: Analysis of 292 patients. Circulation 85:1026–1031
Marwick TH, Nemec JJ, Pahkow FJ, et al (1992) Accuracy and limitations of exercise echocardiography in a routine clinical setting. J Am Coll Cardiol 19:74–81
Beleslin BD, Ostojic M, Stepanovic J, et al (1994) Stress echocardiography in the detection of myocardial ischemia. Head-to-head comparison of exercise, dobutamine, and dipyridamole tests. Circulation 90:1168–1176
Marangelli V, Iliceto S, Piccinni G, et al (1994) Detection of coronary artery disease by digital stress echocardiography: comparison of exercise, transesophageal atrial pacing and dipyridamole echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 24:117–124
Marwick TH, Anderson T, Williams MJ, et al (1995) Exercise echocardiography is an accurate and cost-efficient technique for detection of coronary artery disease in women. J Am Coll Cardiol 26:335–341
Tawa CB, Baker WB, Kleiman NS, et al (1996) Comparison of adenosine echocardiography, with and without isometric handgrip, to exercise echocardiography in the detection of ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 9:33–43
Roger VL, Pellikka PA, Bell MR, et al (1997) Sex and test verification bias. Impact on the diagnostic value of exercise echocardiography. Circulation 95:405–410
Galanti G, Sciagrà R, Comeglio M, et al (1991) Diagnostic accuracy of peak exercise echocardiography in coronary artery disease: comparison with thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy. Am Heart J 122:1609–1616
Pozzoli MMA, Fioretti PM, Salustri A, et al (1991) Exercise echo-cardiography and tech-netium-99m MIBI single-photon emission computed tomography in the detection of coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 67:350–355
Hoffman R, Lethen H, Kleinhans E, et al (1993) Comparative evaluation of bicycle and dobutamine stress echocardiography with perfusion scintigraphy and bicycle exercise for identification of coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 72:555–559
Bjornstad K, Aakhus S, Hatle L (1995) Comparison of digital dipyridamole stress echocardiography and upright bicycle stress echocardiography for identification of coronary artery stenosis. Cardiology 86:514–520
Hecht HS, DeBord L, Sotomayor N, et al (1993) Supine bicycle stress echocardiography: peak exercise imaging is superior to postexercise imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 6:265–271
Luotolahti M, Saraste M, Hartiala J (1996) Exercise echocardiography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Ann Med 28:73–77
Picano E, Lattanzi F, Masini M, et al (1987) Comparison of high-dose dipyridamole-echocardiography test and exercise 2-D echocardiography for diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 59:539–542
Cohen JL, Ottenweller JE, George AK, et al (1993) Comparison of dobutamine and exercise echocardiography for detecting coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 72:1226–1231
Dagianti A, Penco M, Agati L, et al (1995) Stress echocardiography: comparison of exercise, dipyridamole and dobutamine in detecting and predicting the extent of coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 26:18–25
Badruddin SM, Ahmad A, Mickelson J, et al (1999) Supine bicycle versus posttreadmill exercise echocardiography in the detection of myocardial ischemia: a randomized single-blind crossover trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 33:1485–1490
Sawada SG, Ryan T, Fineberg NS, et al (1989) Exercise echocardiographic detection of coronary artery disease in women. J Am Coll Cardiol 14:1440–1447
Williams MJ, Marwick TH, O’Gorman D, et al (1994) Comparison of exercise echocardiography with an exercise score to diagnose coronary artery disease in women. Am J Cardiol 74:435–438
Marwick TH, Anderson T, Williams MJ, et al (1995) Exercise echocardiography is an accurate and cost-efficient technique for detection of coronary artery disease in women. J Am Coll Cardiol 26:335–341
Maltagliati A, Bert M, Muratori M, et al (2000) Exercise echocardiography versus exercise electrocardiography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease in hypertension. Am J Hypertens 13:796–801
Pasierski T, Szwed H, Malczewska B, et al (2001) Advantages of exercise echocardiography in comparison to dobutamine echocardiography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease in hypertensive subjects. J Hum Hypertens 15:805–809
Fleischmann KE, Hunink MG, Kuntz KM, et al (1998) Exercise echocardiography or exercise SPECT imaging? A meta-analysis of diagnostic test performance. JAMA 280:913–920
Kymes SM, Bruns DE, Shaw LJ, et al (2000) Anatomy of a meta-analysis: a critical review of “exercise echocardiography or exercise SPECT imaging? A meta-analysis of diagnostic test performance”. J Nucl Cardiol 7:599–615
Fleischmann KE, Hunink MG, Kuntz KM, et al (2002) Exercise echocardiography or exercise SPECT imaging? A meta-analysis of diagnostic test performance. J Nucl Cardiol 9:133–134
Albuquerque Fonseca L de, Picano E (2001) Comparison of dipyridamole and exercise stress echocardiography for detection of coronary artery disease (a meta-analysis). Am J Cardiol 87:1193–1196
Picano E, Bedetti G, Varga A, et al (2000) The comparable diagnostic accuracies of dobuta-mine-stress and dipyridamole-stress echocardiographies: a meta-analysis. Coron Artery Dis 11:151–159
Hoffer EP, Dewe W, Celentano C, et al (1999) Low-level exercise echocardiography detects contractile reserve and predicts reversible dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction: comparison with low-dose dobutamine echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 34:989–997
Sawada SG, Ryan T, Conley M, et al (1990) Prognostic value of a normal exercise echocardiogram. Am Heart J 120:49–55
Marwick TH, Case C, Vasey C, et al (2001) Prediction of mortality by exercise echocardiography: a strategy for combination with the Duke treadmill score. Circulation 103:2566–2571
Arruda-Olson AM, Juracan EM, Mahoney DW, et al (2002) Prognostic value of exercise echocardiography in 5,798 patients: is there a gender difference? J Am Coll Cardiol 39:625–631
Jaarsma W, Visser C, Funke Kupper A (1986) Usefulness of two-dimensional exercise echocardiography shortly after myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 57:86–90
Applegate RJ, Dell’Italia LJ, Crawford MH (1987) Usefulness of two-dimensional echocardiography during low level exercise-testing early after uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 60:10–14
Ryan T, Armstrong WF, O’Donnel JA, et al (1987) Risk stratification following acute myocardial infarction during exercise two-dimensional echocardiography. Am Heart J 114:1305–1316
Quintana M, Lindvall K, Ryden L, et al (1995) Prognostic value of predischarge exercise stress echocardiography after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 76:1115–1121
Olmos LI, Dakik H, Gordon R, et al (1998) Long-term prognostic value of exercise echocardiography compared with exercise 201TI, ECG, and clinical variables in patients evaluated for coronary artery disease. Circulation 98:2679–86
Yock PG, Popp RL (1984) Noninvasive estimation of right ventricular systolic pressure by Doppler ultrasound in patients with tricuspid regurgitation. Circulation 70:657–662
Grünig E, Janssen B, Mereles D, et al (2000) Abnormal pulmonary artery pressure response in asymptomatic carriers of primary pulmonary hypertension gene. Circulation 102:1145–1150
Grünig E, Mereles D, Hildebrandt W, et al (2000) Stress-Doppler echocardiography for identification of susceptibility to high altitude pulmonary edema. J Am Coll Cardiol 35:980–987
Bombardini T, Correia MJ, Cicerone C et al (2003) Force-frequency relationship in the echo lab: a non invasive assessment of Bowditch Treppe? J Am Soc Echocardiogr 16:832–841
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Picano, E. (2003). Exercise Echocardiography. In: Stress Echocardiography. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05096-5_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05096-5_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-05098-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-05096-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive