The Evolution of Dispersal Organs

Abstract

The organs of dispersal in flowering plants will be discussed here from a special functional angle, namely the shift of functions in spores, seeds, and fruits. This approach will once more demonstrate the clash between different functions through the ages. It is essential to start with the pteridophytes, although these are not included in the main part. With all due respect to morphology, which has to work with given preceding structures, I hope to give a more functional background to changes in morphology and to the progression noticeable in diaspores.