Zusammenfassung
Die biologische Disposition der Sprache kann aktivitätsunabhängige und aktivitätsabhängige Prozesse involvieren, aber beide Prozessarten gehören zum „Sprachgenotyp“. Die Expression der biologischen Disposition erfolgt nach einem genetischen Programm, zu dem auch Proliferation und Pruning eines (geschlechtsunabhängigen) neuralen Sprachnetzes gehören. Die kritischen corticalen Regionen und deren für Sprache relevanten Konnektivitäten werden besprochen. Sie umfassen u. a. verschiedene ventrale und dorsale Faserbahnen, den superioren und den mittleren und/oder den anterior temporalen Gyrus, die Broca-Region, den prämotorischen Cortex, das frontale Operculum, die parietal-temporale Verbindung und den rechten posterioren temporalen Gyrus. Modalitätsspezifische und modalitätsunabhängige Studien verdeutlichen, dass das neurale „Sprachnetz“ multifunktional ist, d. h., es führt verschiedene Berechnungen innerhalb einer einzelnen Domäne (z. B. Semantik und Syntax) und überlagernd in verschiedenen Domänen aus (z. B. Sprache und Musik).
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Hillert, D. (2018). Das Sprachsystem des Menschen. In: Die Natur der Sprache. Springer, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20113-5_6
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