Abstract
The structure of matter has fascinated man since early Greek philosophers, e.g., Democritus, first introduced atoms as indivisble components of matter. Today we say that structure is function, but again the Greeks said it first. On mathematical grounds Plato deduced the exact forms of the atoms of the four elements. These were: fire, tetrahedra; air, octahedra; earth, cubes; and water, icosahedra. Dodecahedra (the fifth regular solid) have appeared in modem hydrated clathrate structures X · n H2O, where X may be Xe, CH4, Cl2 and so on. Today we smile at the simplicity of Plato’s ideas without realizing that he introduced them because he realized that modelling atoms as hard spheres was inadequate.
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Phillips, J.C. (1991). Quantum Structural Diagrams. In: Chelikowsky, J.R., Franciosi, A. (eds) Electronic Materials. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, vol 95. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84359-4_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84359-4_11
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