Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Models for Decision Making: an Overview of Problems, Tools and Major Issues

  • Conference paper
Mathematical Models for Decision Support

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NATO ASI F,volume 48))

Abstract

Decision making in almost all realms of human endeavour has always been a difficult task. It is also an important task when considered in the context of our social and economic goals and behaviours. We know from history that mathematicians and philosophers have tried to develop theories and models to analyse and describe human behaviour: this naturally encompasses the purpose and nature of human decision making.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ackoff, R L, Redesigning the future, Wiley, New York, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Addis, T.R., Designing Knowledge Based Systems, Kogan Page, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Allen, J.F., Maintaining knowledge about temporal intervals, Comm. ACM, Vol 26, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  4. ANSC X3H3, SQL database language, X3H2-26-15 ANSI Report, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Anthony, R N, Planning and control systems: a framework for analysis, Harvard University, Graduate School of Business Administration, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bartlett, F., Remembering, a study in experimental and social psychology, Cambridge University Press, 1932.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bellman, R.E., and Dreyfus, S.E., Applied dynamic programming, Princeton, Univ. Press, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Berkley, D, and Humphreys, P, Structuring of decision problems and the “bias beuristic”, Acta Psychologica, Vol 50, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Blair, C E, Jeroslow, R G and Lowe, J K, Some results and experiments in programming techniques for propositional logic, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Borgida, A., Mylopoulos, J., and Wong, H.J.K., Generalisation/Specialisation as a basis for software specification, in [BRMYS84], 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bobrow, D, and Winograd, T, KRL, another perspective, Cognitive Science, Vol. 3, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bonczek, R H, Holsapple, C W, Whinston, A B, Foundations of decision support systems, Academic Press, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bonnet, A, Artificial intelligence: promises and performance, Prentice Hall, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Boudwin, N K, Palmer, K, and Rowland, A J, A model management framework for mathematical programming, Exxon Monograph, John Wiley and Sons, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Brodie, M L, Mylopoulos, J, and Schmidt, J W, (Editors), On conceptual modelling, Springer-Verlag, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Brodie, M L, On the developmnent of data models, in [BRYMYS 84], 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bundy, A, Sharpe, B., Uschold, M., and Hendry, N, Intelligent Front End Workshop, Notes of Meeting supplied by Alvey Directorate, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  18. CODASYL Data Base Task Group, Report of the DBTG, ACM New York, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Checkland, P B, Systems thinking, systems practice, Chichester, Wiley, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Checkland, P B, OR and the systems movement: mappings and conflicts, Journal of the OR Society (GB), Vol 34, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Chomsky, N, Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, MIT Press 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Christofides, N, Uses of vehicle routing and scheduling system in strategic distribution planning, in [MITRA86], North Holland, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Codd, E F, A relational model of data for large shared data banks, Comm ACM, Vol 13, No 6, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Colby, K M, et al, Artificial panaroia, Artificial Intelligence 3, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Dahl, R.W., Ball, M.O., et al, A relational approach to vehicle and crew scheduling in urban mass transit system, in Computer Scheduling of Public Transport 2, J.M. Roussean (Editor), North Holland, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Darby-Dowman, K, Lucas, C, Mitra, G and Yadegar, J, Linear, integer, separable and fuzzy programming problems: a unified approach to automatic reformulation, Journal of the OR Society (GB), pp 161–171, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Date, C J, An introduction to database systems, Addison Wesley, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Dempster, M E, An expert financial system manager, this institute, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Dolk, D.R., and Konsynski, B., Model management in Organisations, Information and Management, Vol.9, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Dolk, D R, A generalized model management system for mathematical programming, ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, Vol 12, No 2, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Duda, R, Gaschnig, J, and Hart, P, Model design in the PROSPECTOR consultant system for mineral exploration, in [MCHIE79] 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Duda, R, and Gaschnig, J, Knowledge-based expert system come of age, Byte, September, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Elleby, P, and Grant, T, Knowledge based scheduling, in [MITRA86], 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Eshragh, F and Mamdani, E H, A general approach to linguistic approximation, in fuzzy reasoning and its applications, Editors Mamdani, E H and Gaines, B R, Academic Press, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Feigenbaum, E A and McCorduck, P, The fifth generation, Addison Wesley, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Feigenbaum, E, Buchanan, B, and Lederberg, J, On generality and problem solving: a case study using the DENDRAL program, in Machine Intelligence, Vol 6, New York, Elsevier, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Fishburn, P C, Utility theory of decision making, Wiley, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Fikes, R E, and Nilsson, N J, STRIPS: A new application of theorem proving to problem solving, AI Journal, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Fourer, R, Modelling languages versus matrix generators for linear programming, ACM Translations on Mathematical Software, Vol 9, No 2, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Fox, S M, and Smith, S F, ISIS: A knowledge based system for factory scheduling, Expert Systems Journal, Vol. 1, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Frost, M J, How to use cost benefit analysis in project appraisal, Gower Press, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Gaines, B R, and Shaw, M L G, The art of computer conversation, Prentice Hall, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Gallaire, H, Minker, J, Nicolas, J M, (Editors), Advances in database theory, Vol 1, Plersurn Press, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Gardarin, G and Gelerbeo, E, (Editors) New applications of databases, Academic Press, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Gass, S I, Bhasker, S and Chapman, R E, (Editors) Expert systems and emergency management: an annotated bibliography, National Bureau of Standards (US) Publication 728, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Gass, S I and Chapman, R E, (Editors) Theory and application of expert systems in emergency management operations, National Bureau of Standards (US) Publication, 717, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Geoffrion, A.M., Private communication at the 12th International Mathematical Programming Symposium, Boston, Massachusetts, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Geoffrion, A M, An introduction to structured modelling, Man. Sci. May 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Grant, T, An object-orientated approach to AI planning and scheduling, in [MAMEF86], 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Greenberg, H J, A natural language discourse model to explain linear programming models, Technical Report, University of Colorado, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Hadley, G, Nonlinear and dynamic programming, Addison Wesley, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Heidorn, G.E., Natural language inputs to a simulation programming system, Report NPS 55-HD72101A, Naval Postgraduate School, Monetery, USA, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Hewett, J., and Sasson, Z., Expert systems, 1986, USA and Canada, OVUM, UK, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Hewett, J, Timms, S, and d’Aumale, G., Commercial expert systems in europe, OVUM, UK, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Hogger, C J, Introduction to logic programming, Academic Press, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Humphreys, P, Intelligence in decision support, New directions in research in decision making, Edited by B Brehmer et al, North Holland, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Jaques, E, Free enterprise, fair employment, Heinemann, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Johnson, L U, and Keravnou, E T, Expert system technology: a guide, Abacus Press, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Johnson, L U, and Keravnou, E T, Expert Systems Architecture, Kogan Page, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Keeney, R L, Decision analysis: an overview, Opns Res, Vol 30, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Keeney, R L and Raiffa, H, Decisions with multiple objectives, preferences and value trade offs, John Wiley, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Kay, A, and Goldberg, A, Personal dynamic media, Computer, Vol. 10, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Kidd, A L, Man-machine dialogue design, British Telecom Research Report, Martelsham, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Keen, P G W, and Scott-Morton, M S, Decision support system: an organizational perspective, Addison Wesley, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  65. Kohout, L J, Anderson, J, et al, Formalization of clinical management activities for a knowledge-based clinical system, Proceedings, American Association for Medical Systems and Informatics, Washington DC, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Kohout, L J, et al, A knowledge-based decision support system for use in medicine, in [MITRA86], North Holland, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Koukoulis, C., A frame based method for fault diagnosis, in [MAMEF86], UNICOM-Technical Press 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Kowalski, R.A., Predicate logic as a programming language, Proceedings of IFIP-74, North Holland, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Kowalski, R.A., PROLOG as a logic programming language, Proc AICA, Congress, PAVIA, Italy, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Kunifuji, S, Yokota, H, PROLOG and relational data bases for fifth generation computer systems, in [NICOLA82], 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Lasdon, L, Optimization and decision support, this institute, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Lenard, M L, Representing models as data, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol 2, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Lewin, A Y and Morey, R C, Measuring the relative efficiency and output potential of public sector organizations: an application of data envelopment analysis, Journal of Policy Analysis and Information Systems, Plenum Press, Vol 5, No 4, Dec 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Lootsma F.A., Mensch, T C S and Vos, F A, Multi-criteria analysis and budget allocation with applications in energy R&D planning: A feasibility study, EEC, Concept Report, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Lootsma, F A, Trade-off analysis and the resolution of conflicts, International Workshop in Decision Support Systems, Moscow, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Lucas, J, PLANET: Expert system/Mathematical programming applied to strategic decisions, presented to TIMS XXVII, Gold Coast, Australia, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Lucas, C and Mitra, G, Computer assisted mathematical programming modelling system: CAMPS, Computer Journal, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Mamdani, A and Efstathiou, J E, (Editors), Expert systems and optimization in process control, UNICOM-Technical Press, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Markowitz, H M, SIMSCRIPT, in J Beizer, A G Holzman, and A Kent (Editors), Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Martin, J, An information systems manifesto, Prentice Hall, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Marque-Pucheu, G., et al, Interfacing PROLOG and relational database management systems, in [GARGE84], 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Mathewson, S C, Simulation program generators: code and animation on a PC, Journal of OR Society (GB), Vol 36, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  83. McDermott, D., A temporal logic for reasoning processes and plans, cognitive science, Vol 6, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Michie, D., Expert systems in microelectronic age, Edinburgh University Press, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Meredith, P., Instruments of communication: An essay on scientific writing, Pergamon Press, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Minker, J, Relational data models for scheduling, in Computer Assisted Analysis and Model Simplification, Editors, Greenberg, H J, and Maybee, J S, Academic Press 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Minsky, M., A framework for representing knowledge, in P. Winston (Editor) Psychology of Computer Vision, McGraw Hill, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Mitra, G and Darby-Dowman, K D, CRU-SCHED — A computer based bus crew scheduling system using integer programming, Computer Scheduling of Public Transport 2, Edited by J M Rousseau, North Holland, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Mitra, G (Editor), Computer assisted decision making: expert system decision analysis, mathematical programming, North Holland 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Mitra, G (Guest Editor), Mathematical Programming Modelling Systems, two volumes, Special Issue IMA Journal of Mathematics in Management, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Miyazaki, N., A data sublanguage approach to interacting predicate logic languages and relational data bases, Tech. Memo No. 1, ICOT, Tokyo (Japan), 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Murtagh, B.A., and Saunders, M.A., A projected Lagrangian algorithm and its implementation for sparse nonlinear constraints, Math. Prog. Study, Vol 16, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Murtagh, B A, Advanced linear programming: computation and practice, McGraw Hill, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Nance, R E, Model development revisited, working paper, Computer Science Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Newell, A and Simon, H A, GPS, A program that simulates human thought, in Computers and Thought, Edited by E A Feigenbaum, McGraw Hill, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Nicolas, J.M., Logical bases for data bases, workshop preprints, Toulouse (France), 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Nilsson, N.J., Principles of artificial intelligence, Tioga Publishing Co., 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Ovum report on: Commercial applications of natural language understanding, OVUM, UK, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Paul, R J and Doukidis, G I, Further developments in the use of artificial intelligence techniques which formulate simulation problems, Journal of the OR Society (GB), Vol 37, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Peckham, J., Recent developments and applications of natural language understanding, UNICOM Seminar report series, Kogan Page, UK, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Phillips, L D, Decision support for managers, managerial challenge of new office technology, Editors, Otway, H J, and Peltu, M, Butterworths, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Phillips, L D, Decision analysis and its application in industry, in [MITRA86], 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Pople, H., Heuristic methods for imposing structure on ill-structured problems; the structuring of medical diagnosis, in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, P. Szolovits (Editor), Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Quilian, M.R., Semantic memory, in Semantic Information Processing, M. Minsky (Editor), MIT Press, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Quinlan, J.R., Learning efficient classification procedures and their application to chess and games, in Machine learning an AI approach, Michalski, R.S., et al (Editors), Tioga Press, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Raiffa, H, Decision analysis, introductory lectures on choices under uncertainty, Addison Wesley, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Rijckaert, M, Debroey, V, Bogaerts, W, Expert systems: State-of-the-art and advanced issues, this institute, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Rivett, B H P, Policy selection by structural mapping, Proceedings Royal Society, London A, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Roy, B, How outranking relations help multicriterion decision making, Proceedings multicriterion decision making, South Carolina Press, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Ritchie, I C, Knowledge acquisition by computer induction, in [MITRA86], 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Saaty, T L, The analytic hierarchy process, McGraw Hill, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Systems Designers Ltd., PLANIT final report (developed under Alvey program), 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Shafer, G., A mathematical theory of evidence, Princeton University Press, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Shen, S N T, Krulee, G K, Solving linear programming problems stated in English by computer, Proceedings ACM 73, 299–303, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Shannon, C E, Programming a computer to play chess, Scientific American, Feb, 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Shortliffe, E, MYCIN: computer based medical consultations, American Elsevier, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Shapiro, J.F., Optimization models for bond portfolio selection, this institute, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Simon, H A, The shape of automation for men and management, Harper and Row, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Simon, H A, What computers mean to man and society, Science, Vol 195, March 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Simon, H A, Two heads are better than one: the collaboration between artificial intelligence and operations research, plenary address, TIMS/ORSA meeting, Miami Beach, October 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  121. Smith, D C, Pygmallion: A computer program to model and simulate creative thought, Birkhauser, BASEL, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Sowa, J F, Conceptual structures: Information processing in mind and machine, Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, 1984.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  123. Sprague, R H, and Carlson, E D, Building effective decision support systems, Prentice Hall, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Spiegelhalter, D.J., Synthesis of AI and Bayesian methods in medical expert systems, in Interaction Between Statistics and AI, R. Phelps (Editor), Unicorn-Technical Press, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Stainton, R S, Applicable systems thinking, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol 18, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Steel, S., Tutorial notes, AISB-87 Tutorial, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Stoll, R.R., Sets, logic and axiomatic theories, Freeman and Company, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Swabey, M, Use of deep and shallow knowledge in electronics diagnosis, in [MAMEF 86], UNICOM-Technical Press 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Tamiz, M and Mitra G, Construction and testing of large scale linear programming system exploiting sparsity, monograph to be published, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Tate, A., Knowledge-based planning systems, in [MAMEF86], 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  131. Turing, A M, Can a machine think: Computing machinery and intelligence, MIND, 1950, Reprinted in Computers and Thought, Edited by E A Feigenbaum and J Feldman, McGrawhill, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Ulvila, J W and Brown, R V, Decision analysis comes of age, Harvard Business Review, Sept–Oct, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  133. Von Neumann, J and Morgenstern O, Theory of games and economic behaviour, Princeton University Press, 1944.

    Google Scholar 

  134. Wagner, H M, Principles of Operations Research with Applications to Managerial Decision, Prentice Hall, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  135. Weizenbaum, J, ELIZA, a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine, CACM, Vol 9, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  136. Williams, H P, Linear and integer programming applied to the propositional calculus, Systems Research and Information Science, Vol 2, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  137. Von Winterfeldt, D., Structuring decision problems for decision analysis, Acta Psychologica, Vol 45, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  138. Winograd, T., Understanding natural language, Academic Press, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  139. WITNESS, Simulation product, ISTEL, Redditch, Worcestershire, UK, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  140. Worden, R, Blackboard systems, in [MITRA86], 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  141. Zadeh, L A, Fuzzy sets, Information and Control, Vol 8, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  142. Zadeh, L A, The role of fuzzy logic in the management of uncertainty in expert systems, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol II, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  143. Zimmermann, H J, Fuzzy set theory and its applications, Kluwer-Nijhoff, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  144. Zimmermann, H J, Fuzzy sets, decision making and expert systems, Kluwer, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  145. Zimmermann, H J, Private communication, April 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  146. Zionts, S, Multiple criteria decision making: an overview and several approaches, working paper No 454, School of Management, State University of New york, Buffalo, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Brunel University, UK

    Gautam Mitra

Authors
  1. Gautam Mitra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics and Statistics Brunel, The University of West London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK

    Gautam Mitra

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Mitra, G. (1988). Models for Decision Making: an Overview of Problems, Tools and Major Issues. In: Mitra, G., Greenberg, H.J., Lootsma, F.A., Rijkaert, M.J., Zimmermann, H.J. (eds) Mathematical Models for Decision Support. NATO ASI Series, vol 48. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83555-1_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83555-1_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-83557-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-83555-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation