Abstract
The Japanese geostationary meteorological satellite (GMS) can readily detect and track widely dispersed ash clouds produced by large-scale explosive eruptions. Analysis of the digital GMS imagery permits tentative estimates to be made of the altitude of the top of the ash cloud and of the thermal energy release, which in turn can be compared with estimates obtained from the mass of éjecta to yield an approximate proportionality. The GMS detection rate of ash clouds from eruptions that occur within the GMS’s field of view is around 13%. The discrimination between atmospheric clouds and ash clouds — especially if they are small and thin — is very difficult, because of the limitations of the present detectors as regards spectrum analyses and ground resolution. However, GMS can detect and track ash clouds from large eruptions that threaten aviation safety or pose severe tephra fallout hazards to areas downwind.
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Sawada, Y. (1996). Detection of Explosive Eruptions and Regional Tracking of Volcanic Ash Clouds with Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS). In: Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano Hazards. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80087-0_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80087-0_9
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