Abstract
Klyuchevskoy is a gigantic, approximately 7000 year old basaltic volcano 4750 m in height. In this paper, a model of its activity, feeding channels and magma chambers is presented; it was developed from observations of summit and flank eruptions, magma flow rate, vertical ground deformation and location and migration of earthquake hypocentres and theoretical calculations.
Variations in the depth, (Zo) of the effective source of magmatic pressure and of the centre of seismic energy release, (H̄E) are traced. Relations have been established between Zo, vertical deformation (Uz) and expected magma accumulation in the feeding system (ω). Volume increments in the feeding system of the volcano δV have been calculated. Correlations were found between Zo and H̄E (correlation coefficient r = 0.63), on one hand, Uz and ω(r = 0.66), and ω and δV (r = 0.62) on the other, which support the validity of the model.
From 1979 to 1987 the volume increment δV changed by a factor of 3–5, the position of its centre migrated in depth from 3 km to 15 km below sea level, whereas the lava level remained constant in the summit crater and, consequently, pressure in the feeding channel was constant as well. The maximum increase of δV occurred at a depth of 15 km before the large flank eruption of 1983.
This model predicts that the basaltic magma rises into the crust from a large system of magma chambers located in the crust-mantle transition layer. It ascends through the crust at depths of 30-0 km in a vertical channel. Here, the feeding conduit is surrounded by a plastic shell about 3 km in diameter, around which numerous earthquakes occur. Most of them occur within the column-like zone 5–7 km in diameter. Dikes and sills are common here and frequently intrude from the vertical channel, the longest dikes reaching 20 km. No large peripheral or crustal magma chambers of the volcano were detected.
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Fedotov, S.A., Gorelchik, V.I., Zharinov, N.A. (1992). Deformation, Earthquakes and Mechanism of Activity of Klyuchevskoy Volcano. In: Gasparini, P., Scarpa, R., Aki, K. (eds) Volcanic Seismology. IAVCEI Proceedings in Volcanology, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77008-1_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77008-1_3
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