Abstract
The MEL project is developing an object-based tool for the rapid development of graphical direct manipulation user interfaces. We emphasize interfaces to be used by multiple people from multiple workstations simultaneously. The specific requirements that multi-user interfaces place on the graphics system are discussed, as are the solutions that we have developed. In particular, the MEL graphics system is based on a hierarchical display structure of graphical objects and makes extensive use of constraints to maintain graphical consistency and link together various parts of a complete multi-user graphical program.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barth, P.S. (1986) “An Object-Oriented Approach to Graphical Interfaces,” ACM Trans. On Graphics ,vol. 5, no. 2, 142–172.
Bobrow, D.G., Kann, K., Kiczales, G., Masinter, L., Stefik, M., and Zdybel, R. (1986) “CommonLoops: Merging Lisp and Object-Oriented Programming,” SIGPLANNotices ,vol. 21, no. 11, 17–29. (OOPSLA ’86 Conference Proceedings, September 29-October 2, 1986, Portland, Oregon.)
Borenstein, N.S. (1990) Multimedia Applications Development with the Andrew Toolkit ,Prentice Hall.
CORE (1979) “Status Report of the the Graphics Standards Planning Committee,” Computer Graphics ,vol. 13, no. 3.
Herrmann, M. and Hill, R. (1989) “Abstraction and Declarativeness in User Interface Development Systems -The Methodological Basis of the Composite Object Architecture,” Proceedings of the XIth World Computer Congress. (San Francisco, California, August 28-31, 1989.)
Hill, R.D. (1986) “Supporting Concurrency, Communication and Synchronization in Human-Computer Interaction -the Sassafras UIMS,” ACM Trans, on Graphics ,vol. 5, no. 3, 179–210.
Hill, R.D. and Herrmann, M. (1989) “The Structure of Tube -A Tool for Implementing Advanced User Interfaces,” Euro Graphics’89 ,15-25. (Proceedings of the European Computer Graphics Conference and Exhibition, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, Sept. 4-8, 1989.)
Hopgood, F.R.A., Duce, D.A., Gallup, J.R., and Sutcliffe, D.C. (1986) Introduction to the Graphical Kernel System (GKS) ,Academic Press.
Hudson, S.E. (1989) “Graphical Specification of Flexible User Interface Displays,” Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology ,105–114. (Williamsburg, Virginia, November 13-15, 1989.)
Leler, W. (1988) Constraint Programming Languages ,Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts.
Myers, B.A. (1987a) “Creating Dynamic Interaction Techniques by Demonstration,” Proceedings of CHI+GI 1987 ,ACM, New York, 271–278. (Toronto, April 5-9.)
Myers, B.A. (1987b) Creating User Interfaces by Demonstration. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto.
Myers, B.A., Zanden, B. van der, and Dannenberg, R.B. (1989) “Creating Graphical Interactive Application Objects by Demonstration,” Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology ,95–104. (Williamsburg, Virginia, November 13-15, 1989.)
Palay, A.J., Hansen, W.J., Sherman, M., Wadlow, M.G., Neuendorffer, T.P., Stern, Z., Bader, M., and Peters, T. (1988) “The Andrew Toolkit -An Overview,” Proceedings of the USENLK Winter Conference ,9–21.
Patterson, J.F., Hill, R.D., Meeks, W.S., and Rohall, S.L. (1990) “Rendezvous: An Architecture for Synchronous Multi-User Applications,” Proceedings of CSCW ’90 ,Los Angeles.
PHIGS (1988) “Information processing systems -Computer Graphics -Programmer’s Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System functional description,” ISO/IEC 9592:1.
Scheifler, R.W., Gettys, J., and Newman, R. (1988) X Window System ,Digital Press.
Shan, Y.P. (1990) “An Object-Oriented Framework for Direct-Manipulation User Interfaces,” In: E. Blake and P. Wißkirchen (ed.) Advances in Object Oriented Graphics ,Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Steele, G.L. (1984) Common Lisp: The Language ,Digital Press, Bedford, Massachusetts.
Szekely, P. and Myers, B. (1988) “A User Interface Toolkit Based on Graphical Objects and Constraints,” Sigplan Notices ,vol. 23, no. 11, 36–45. (OOPSLA’88 Conference Proceedings, September 25-30, 1988, San Diego, California.)
Tarlton, M.A. and Tarlton, P.N. (1989) “Pogo: A Declarative Representation System for Graphics,” In: W. Kim and F.H. Lochovsky (ed.) Object-Oriented Concepts, Databases, and Applications ,Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, pp. 151–176.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 EUROGRAPHICS The European Association for Computer Graphics
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hill, R.D. (1991). A 2-D Graphics System for Multi-User Interactive Graphics Based on Objects and Constraints. In: Blake, E.H., Wisskirchen, P. (eds) Advances in Object-Oriented Graphics I. EurographicSeminars. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76303-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76303-8_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-76305-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-76303-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive