Abstract
The first in vitro demonstration of (1→4)-α-glucosidic linkage formation in plants occurred in 1940 when Hanes (1940) demonstrated the formation of an amylose product from glucose-1-P using potato extracts [reaction (1)].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Akatsuka T, Nelson OE (1966) Starch granule-bound adenosine diphosphate glucose-starch glucosyl transferases of maize seeds J Biol Chem 241: 2280–2285
Badenhuizen NP (1969) The biogenesis of starch granules in higher plants. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York
Bassham JA, Krause GH (1969) Free energy changes and metabolic regulation in steady state photosynthetic carbon reduction. Biochim Biophys Acta 189: 207–221
Baxter ED, Duffus CM (1971) Starch synthetase in developing barley amyloplasts. Phytochemistry 10: 2641–2644
Borovsky D, Smith EE, Whelan WJ (1975 a) Purification and properties of potato 1,4-OC-D- glucan: 1,4-a-D-glucan 6-a-(l,4-a-glucano)-transferase: Evidence against a dual catalytic function in amylose-branching enzyme. Eur J Biochem 59: 615–625
Borovsky D, Smith EE, Whelan WJ (1975b) Temperature-dependence of the action of Q-enzyme and the nature of the substrate for Q-enzyme. FEBS Lett 54: 201–205
Borovsky D, Smith EE, Whelan WJ (1976) On the mechanism of amylose branching by potato Q-enzyme. Eur J Biochem 62: 307–312
Borovsky D, Smith EE, Whelan WJ, French D, Kikumoto S (1979) The mechanism of Q-enzyme action and its influence on the structure of amylopectin. Arch Biochem Biophys 198: 627–631
Bourne EJ, Peat S (1945) The enzymic synthesis and degradation of starch. I. The synthesis of amylopectin. J Chem Soc 877–882
Boyer CD, Garwood DL, Shannon JC (1976) The interaction of the amylose-extender and waxy mutants of maize (Zea mays L.). Fine structure of amylose-extender waxy starch. Die Stärke 28: 405–410
Boyer CD, Preiss J (1978a) Multiple forms of (1B4)-α-D-glucan, (1-4)-α-D-glucan-6-glycosyl transferase from developing Zea mays L. kernels. Carbohydr Res 61: 321–334
Boyer CD, Preiss J (1978b) Multiple forms of starch branching enzyme of maize: Evidence for independent genetic control. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 80: 169–175
Boyer CD, Preiss J (1979) Properties of citrate-stimulated starch synthesis catalzyed by starch synthase I of developing maize kernels. Plant Physiol 64: 1039–1042
Brown BI, Brown DH (1966) α-1,4-Glucan:α-l,4-glucan-6-glycosyltransferase from mammalian muscle. Methods Enzymol 8: 395–403
Cameron JW, Teas HJ (1954) Carbohydrate relationships in developing and mature endosperms of brittle and related maize genotypes. Am J Bot 41: 50–55
Cardini CE, Frydman RB (1966) ADP-glucose: od,4-glucan glucosyltransferases (starch synthetases and related enzymes) from plants. Methods Enzymol 8: 387–394
Cardini CE, Leloir LF, Chiriboga J (1955) The biosynthesis of sucrose. J Biol Chem 214: 149–155
Chandorkar KR, Badenhuizen NP (1966) How meaningful are determinations of glucosyltransferase activities in starch enzyme complexes? Die Stärke 18: 91–95
Chourey PS, Nelson OE (1976) The enzymatic deficiency conditioned by the shrunken-1 mutations in maize. Biochem Genet 14: 1041–1055
Cohn M (1961) Phosphorylases (survey). In: Boyer PD, Lardy H, Myrback K (eds) The Enzymes, 2nd edn., Academic Press, New York London, Vol V, pp 179–206
Copeland L, Preiss J (1981) Purification of spinach leaf ADPglucose. Pyrophosphorylase. Plant Physiol 68: 996–1001
Creech RG (1965) Genetic control of carbohydrate synthesis in maize endosperm. Genetics 52: 1175–1186
De Fekete MAR, Cardini CE (1964) Mechanism of glucose transfer from sucrose into the starch granule of sweet corn. Arch Biochem Biophys 104: 173–184
Dickinson DB, Preiss J (1969a) ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase from maize endosperm. Arch Biochem Biophys 130: 119–128
Dickinson DB, Preiss J (1969 b) Presence of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase in shrunken-2 and brittle-2 mutants of maize endosperm. Plant Physiol 44: 1058–1062
Drummond GS, Smith EE, Whelan WJ (1972) Purification and properties of potato a-1,4- glucan al,4-glucan 6-glycosyltransferase (Q-enzyme). Eur J Biochem 26: 168–176
Dvonch W, Whistler RL (1949) Water soluble polysaccharides of sweet corn. J Biol Chem 181: 889–895
Espada J (1962) Enzymic synthesis of adenosine diphosphate glucose from glucose-1-phosphate and adenosine triphosphate. J Biol Chem 237: 3577–3581
French D (1972) Fine structure of starch and its relationship to the organization of starch granules. J Jpn Starch Sci 19: 8–25
Frydman RB (1963) Starch synthetase of potatoes and waxy maize. Arch Biochem Biophys 102: 242–248
Frydman RB, Cardini CE (1966) Studies on the biosynthesis of starch. Isolation and properties of the soluble adenosine diphosphate glucose: starch glucosyltransferase of Solanum tuberosum. Arch Biochem Biophys 116: 9–18
Frydman RB, Cardini CE (1967) Studies on the biosynthesis of starch. II. Some properties of adenosine diphosphate glucose: starch glucosyltransferase bound to the starch granule. J Biol Chem 242: 312–317
Frydman RB, De Souza BC, Cardini CE (1966) Distribution of adenosine diphosphate D-glucose:α-l,4 glucan α-4-glucosyltransferase in higher plants. Biochim Biophys Acta 113: 620–623
Fuchs RL, Smith JD (1979) The purification and characterization of ADP-glucose pyrophos-phorylase A from developing maize seeds. Biochim Biophys Acta 566: 40–48
Geiger DR (1979) Control of partitioning and export of carbon in leaves of higher plants. Bot Gaz 140: 241–248
Ghosh HP, Preiss J (1965a) Biosynthesis of starch in spinach chloroplasts. Biochemistry 4: 1354–1361
Ghosh HP, Preiss J (1965 b) The biosynthesis of starch in spinach chloroplasts. J Biol Chem 240: 960–961
Ghosh HP, Preiss J (1966) Adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase. A regulatory enzyme in the biosynthesis of starch in spinach leaf chloroplasts. J Biol Chem 241: 4491–4504
Giaquinta RT (1980) Translocation of sucrose and oligosaccharides. In: Preiss J (ed) Biochemistry of plants. Academic Press, New York, Vol. 3, pp 271–320
Gunja-Smith Z, Marshall J J, Mercier C, Smith EE, Whelan WJ (1970) A revision of the Meyer-Bernfeld model of glycogen and amylopectin. FEBS Lett 12: 101–104
Hanes CS (1940) The reversible formation of starch from glucose-1-phosphate catalyzed by potato phosphorylase. Proc R Soc London Ser B 120: 174–208
Hannah LC, Nelson OE (1975) Characterization of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyro-phosphorylases from developing maize seeds. Plant Physiol 55: 297–302
Hannah LC, Nelson OE (1976) Characterization of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase from shrunken-2 and brittle-2 mutants of maize. Biochem Genetics 14: 547–560
Haugen T, Ishaque A, Preiss J (1976) Biosynthesis of bacterial glycogen. XVI. Characterization of the subunit structure of Escherichia coli B glucose- 1-P adenylyl transferase (EC 2.7.7.27). J Biol Chem 251: 7880–7885
Hawker JS, Downton WJS (1974) Starch synthetases from Vitis vinifera and Zea mays. Phytochemistry 13: 893–900
Hawker JS, Ozbun JL, Preiss J (1972) Unprimed starch synthesis of soluble ADP-glucose-starch glucosyltransferase from potato tubers. Phytochemistry 11: 1287–1293
Hawker JS, Marschner H, Downton WJS (1974 a) Effects of sodium and potassium on starch synthesis in leaves. Aust J Plant Physiol 1: 491–501
Hawker JS, Ozbun JL, Ozaki H, Greenberg E, Preiss J (1974 b) Interaction of spinach leaf adenosine diphosphate glucose α1,4-glucan α-4-glucosyl transferase and α1,4-glucan α1,4-glucan-6-glycosyl transferase in synthesis of branched α-glucan. Arch Biochem Biophys 160: 530–551
Heber U, Santarius KA (1965) Compartmentation and reduction of pyridine nucleotides in relation to photosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 109: 390–408
Heldt HW, Rapley L (1970) Specific transport of inorganic phosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate and dihydroxyacetone-phosphate and of dicarboxylates across the inner membrane of spinach chloroplasts. FEBS Lett 10: 143–148
Heldt HW, Chon CJ, Maronde D, Herold A, Stankovic ZS, Walker DA, Kraminer A, Kirk MR, Heber U (1977) Role of orthophosphate and other factors in the regulation of starch formation in leaves. Plant Physiol 59: 1146–1155
Herold A, Lewis DH, Walker DA (1976) Sequestration of cytoplasmic orthophosphate by mannose and its differential effect on photosynthetic starch synthesis in C3 and C4 species. New Phytol 76: 397–407
Hobson PN, Whelan WJ, Peat S (1950) The enzymic synthesis and degradation of starch. X. The phosphorylase and Q enzyme of broad bean. The Q enzyme of wrinkled pea. J Chem Soc 3566–3573
Kainuma K, French D (1972) Naegeli amylodextrin and its relationship to starch granule structure. II. Role of water in crystallization of β-starch. Biopolymers 11: 2241–2250
Kaiser WM, Bassham JA (1979 a) Light-dark regulation of starch metabolism in chloroplasts. 1. Levels of metabolites in chloroplasts and medium during light-dark transition. Plant Physiol 63: 105–108
Kaiser WM, Bassham JA (1979 b) Light-dark regulation of starch metabolism in chloroplasts. II. Effect of chloroplastic metabolite levels on the formation of ADP-glucose by chloroplast extracts. Plant Physiol 63: 109–113
Kanazawa T, Kanazawa K, Kirk MR, Bassham J A (1972) Regulatory effects of ammonia on carbon metabolism in Chlorella pyrenoidosa during photosynthesis and respiration. Biochim Biophys Acta 256: 656–669
Krisman CR (1962) A method for the colorimetric estimation of glycogen with iodine. Anal Biochem 4: 17–23
Lehmann M, Preiss J (1980) Biosynthesis of bacterial glycogen: Purification and properties of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase. J Bacteriol 143: 120–127
Leloir LF, de Fekete MAR, Cardini CE (1961) Starch and oligosaccharide synthesis from uridine diphosphate glucose. J Biol Chem 236: 636–641
Levi C, Preiss J (1976) Regulatory properties of the ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase of the blue-green bacterium Synechococcus 6301. Plant Physiol 58: 753–756
MacDonald PW, Strobel GA (1970) Adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase control of starch accumulation in rust-infected wheat leaves. Plant Physiol 46: 126–135
McLilley R, Chon CJ, Moobach A, Heldt HW (1977) The distribution of metabolites between spinach chloroplasts and medium during photosynthesis in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta 460: 259–272
Meyer KH, Gibbons GC (1951) The present status of starch chemistry. Adv Enzymol 12: 341–377
Moore CJ, Turner JF (1969) ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in wheat grains. Nature (London) 223: 303–304
Murata T, Akazawa T (1964) The role of adenosine diphosphate glucose in leaf starch formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 16: 6–11
Murata T, Akazawa T (1966) Enzymic mechanism of starch synthesis in ripening grains. IV. Starch synthesis in glutinous rice grains. Arch Biochem Biophys 14: 76–87
Murata T, Akazawa T (1968) Enzymic mechanism of starch synthesis in sweet potato root. I. Requirement of potassium ions for starch synthetase. Arch Biochem Biophys 126: 873–897
Murata T, Sugiyama T, Akazawa T (1965) Enzymic mechanism of starch synthesis in glutinous rice grains. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 18: 371–376
Nelson OE, Chourey PS, Chang MT (1978) Nucleoside diphosphate sugar-starch glucosyl transferase activity of wx starch granules. Plant Physiol 62: 383–386
Nitsos RE, Evans HJ (1969) Effects of univalent cations on the activity of particulate starch synthetase. Plant Physiol 44: 1260–1266
Nomura T, Nakayama N, Murata T, Akazawa T (1967) Biosynthesis of starch in chloroplasts. Plant Physiol 42: 327–332
Ozbun JL, Hawker JS, Preiss J (1971a) Multiple forms of al,4-glucan synthetase from spinach leaves. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 43: 631–636
Ozbun JL, Hawker JS, Preiss J (1971b) Adenosine diphosphoglucose-starch glucosyltransferases from developing kernels of waxy maize. Plant Physiol 48: 765–769
Ozbun JL, Hawker JS, Preiss J (1972) Soluble adenosine diphosphate glucose-α1,4-glucan α-4-glucosyltransferases from spinach leaves. Biochem J 126: 953–963
Ozbun JL, Hawker JS, Greenberg E, Lammel C, Preiss J, Lee EYC (1973) Starch synthetase, phosphoroylase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in developing maize kernels. Plant Physiol 51: 1–5
Pisigan Jr RA, Del Rosario E J (1976) Isoenzymes of soluble starch synthetase from Oryza sativa grains. Phytochemistry 15: 71–73
Pollock C, Preiss J (1980) The citrate-stimulated starch synthase of starchy maize kernels: Purification and properties. Arch Biochem Biophys, 204: 578–588
Preiss J (1978) Regulation of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase. In: Meister A (ed) Advances in enzymology and related areas of molecular biology. Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 317–381
Preiss J, Boyer CD (1980) Evidence for independent genetic control of the multiple forms of maize endosperm branching enzymes and starch synthases. In: Marshall JJ (ed) Mechanisms of saccharide polymerization and depolymerization. Academic Press, New York, pp 161–174
Preiss J, Levi C (1977) Regulation of α1,4-glucan metabolism in photosynthetic systems. In: Hall DO, Coombs J, Goodwin TW (eds) Proceedings of the fourth international congress on photosynthesis 1977. Biochem Soc, London, pp 457–468
Preiss J, Levi C (1979) Metabolism of starch in leaves. In: Gibbs M, Latzko E (eds) Photosynthesis II, Encyclopedia of plant physiology new series. Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, Vol. 6, pp 282–312
Preiss J, Levi C (1980) Starch biosynthesis and degradation. In: Preiss J (ed) The biochemistry of plants. Academic Press, London, New York, Vol. 3, pp 371–423
Preiss J, Ghosh HP, Wittkop J (1967) Regulation of the biosynthesis of starch in spinach leaf chloroplasts. In: Goodwin TW (ed) Biochemistry of chloroplasts. Academic Press, London New York, Vol. 2, pp 131–153
Preiss J, Lammel C, Sabraw A (1971) A unique adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase associated with maize embryo tissue. Plant Physiol 47: 104–108
Recondo E, Leloir LF (1961) Adenosine diphosphate glucose and starch synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 6: 85–88
Ribereau-Gayon G, Preiss J (1971) ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from spinach leaf. Methods Enzymol 23: 618–624
Sachs J (1887) In: Lectures of the physiology of plants (translated by Ward HM). Oxford Univ Press ( Clarendon ), London New York, pp 304–325
Santarius KA, Heber U (1965) Changes in the intracellular levels of ATP, ADP, AMP and Pi and regulatory function of the adenylate system in leaf cells during photosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 102: 39–54
Sanwal GG, Preiss J (1967) Biosynthesis of starch in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. II. Regulation of ATP:α-D-glucose-1-P adenylyl transferase (ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase) by inorganic phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate. Arch Biochem Biophys 119: 454–469
Sanwal GG, Greenberg E, Hardie J, Cameron EC, Preiss J (1968) Regulation of starch biosynthesis in plant leaves: activation and inhibition of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. Plant Physiol 43: 417–427
Shen-Hwa C-S, Lewis CH, Walker DA (1975) Stimulation of photosynthetic starch formation by sequestration of cytoplasmic orthophosphate. New Phytol 74: 383–392
Sowokinos JR (1976) Pyrophosphorylase in Solanum tuberosum. 1. Changes in ADPglucose and UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase activities associated with starch biosynthesis during tuberization, maturation and storage of potatoes. Plant Physiol 57: 63–68
Steup M, Peavey DG, Gibbs M (1976) The regulation of starch metabolism by inorganic phosphate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 72: 1554–1561
Tanaka Y, Akazawa T (1969) Adsorption of soluble starch synthetase from spinach leaf with amylose. J Jpn Soc Starch Sci 17: 229–236
Tsai CY, Nelson OE (1966) Starch-deficient maize mutant lacking adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase activity. Science 151: 341–343
Tsai CY, Salamini F, Nelson OE (1970) Enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in the developing endosperm of maize. Plant Physiol 46: 299–306
Turner JF (1969) Physiology of pea fruits. VI. Changes in uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase and adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase in the developing seed. Aust J Biol Sci 22: 1145–1151
Whelan WJ (1971) Enzymic explorations of the structures of starch and glucogen. Biochem J 122: 609–622
Wolf IA, Hofreiter BT, Watson PR, Deatherage WL, Masters MM (1955) The structure of a new starch of high amylose content. J Am Chem Soc 77: 1654–1659
Wu HC-H, Sarko A (1978 a) The double helical molecular structure of crystalline B-amylose. Carbohydr Res 61: 7–25
Wu HC-H, Sarko A (1978 b) The double helical molecular structure of crystalline A-amylose. Carbohydr Res 61: 27–40
Yung S-G, Preiss J (1981) Biosynthesis of bacterial glycogen: purification and structural properties of Rhodospirillum tenue adenosine disphosphate glucose synthetase. J. Bacteriol 147: 101–109
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Preiss, J. (1982). Biosynthesis of Starch and Its Regulation. In: Loewus, F.A., Tanner, W. (eds) Plant Carbohydrates I. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 13 / A. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68275-9_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68275-9_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-68277-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68275-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive