Abstract
Hagfishes and lampreys are vertebrates classified systematically as Agnatha (jawless) or Cyclostomata (round-mouths). The rest of the vertebrates (fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) belong to the Gnathostomata (jaw-possessing). Most research on retinas of vertebrates has been carried out on species which belong to the gnathostomes and this has in turn led to generalizations which are not always valid for the agnaths.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Besharse, J.C., Brandon, R.A.: Postembryonic eye degeneration in the troglobitic salamander Typhlotriton spelaeus. J. Morph. 144, 381–406 (1974).
Brandon, R.A.: Structure of the eye of Haideotriton wallacei, a North American troglobitic salaman-der, J. Morph. 124, 345–352 (1968).
Bruesch, S.R., Arey, L.B.: The number of myelinated and unmyelinated fibres in the optic nerve of vertebrates. J. comp. Neurol. 77, 631–655 (1942).
Cohen, A.I.: Rods and cones. Fuortes, M.G.F. (ed.). In: Handbook of Sensory Physiology, Vol. VII/2. Physiology of Photoreceptor Organs, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag, 1972, pp. 63–110.
Crescitelli, F.: The nature of the lamprey visual pigment. J. gen. Physiol. 39, 423–435 (1956).
Crescitelli, F.: Physiology of vision. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 22, 525–528 (1960).
Ditto, M.: A difference between developing rods and cones in the formation of outer segment mem-branes. Vision Res. 15, 535–536 (1975).
Dowling, J.E.: Organization of vertebrate retinas. Invest. Ophthalmol. 9, 655–680 (1970).
Dubin, M.W.: Anatomy of the vertebrate retina. In: The Eye, Vol. VI. Davson, H., Graham, L.T. (eds.) New-York-London: Academic Press, 1974, pp. 227–256.
Duke-Elder, S.: The eye in evolution. In: System of ophthalmology, Vol. I. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby, 1958.
Dücker, M.: über die Augen der Zyklostomen. Jena Z. Med. Naturw. 60, 471-528 (1924).
Eakin, R.M., Brandenburger, J.L.: Osmic staining of amphibian and gastropod photoreceptors. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 30, 619–641 (1970).
Ehinger, B., Holmberg, K., Ohman, P.: Aminergic and indoleamine accumulating neurons in the retina of the river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis). Acta zool. (Stockh.) 58, 117–123 (1977).
Eigenmann, C.H.: Cave vertebrates of America. A study in degenerative evolution. The Carnegie Institution of Washington 104, 1–241 (1909).
Eigenmann, C.H., Denny, W.A.: The eyes of the blind vertebrates of North America. 111. The structure and ontogenetic degeneration of the eyes of the Missouri cave salamander, an account based on material collected with a grant from the Elizabeth Thompson Fund. Biol. Bull. 2, 33–41 (1900).
Fernholm, B., Holmberg, K.: The eyes in three genera of hagfish (Eptatretus, Paramyxine and Myxine). A case of degenerative evolution. Vision Res. 15, 253-259 (1975).
Franz, V.: Auge and Akkommodation von Petromyzon (Lampetra) fluviatilis L. Zool. Jb. (Zool.) 52, 118-178 (1932).
Holmberg, K.: Hagfish eye: ultrastructure of retinal cells. Acta zool. (Stockh.) 50, 179–183 (1969).
Holmberg, K.: The hagfish retina: fine structure of retinal cells in Myxine glutinosa, L., with special reference to receptor and epithelial cells. Z. Zellforsch. 111, 519–538 (1970).
Holmberg, K.: The hagfish retina: electron microscopic study comparing receptor and epithelial cells in the Pacific hagfish, Polistotrema stouti, with those in the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa. Z. Zellforsch. 121, 249–269 (1971).
Holmberg, K.: Fine structure of the optic tract in the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa. Acta zool. (Stockh.) 53,165–171 (1972).
Holmberg, K., Öhman, P.: Fine structure of retinal synaptic organelles in lamprey and hagfish photo-receptors. Vision Res. 16, 237–239 (1976).
Holmberg, K., Öhman, P., Dreyfert, T.: ERG-recordings from the retina of the river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis). Vision Res. 17, 715–717 (1977) (in print).
Ishikawa, T., Yamada, E.: The degradation of photoreceptor outer segment within the pigment epithelial cell of rat retina. J. Electron. Microsc. (Tokyo) 19, 85–91 (1970).
Jarvik, E.: Specializations in early vertebrates. Ann. Soc. roy. Zool. Belgique 94, 11–95 (1964).
Jørgensen, J.M., Flock, øA.: The ultrastructure of lateral line sense organs in the adult salamander Ambystoma mexicanum. J. Neurocytol. 2, 133–142 (1973).
Kleerekoper, H.: The sense organs. In: The Biology of Lampreys. Vol. 11. Hardisty, H.W., Potter, I.C. (eds.): London-New York: Academic Press, 1972, pp. 373–404.
Kobayashi, H.: Preliminary report on the action potentials recorded from the rudimentary eye of hagfish, Myxine garmani. Zool. Mag. (Tokyo) 72, 6–12 (1963).
Kobayashi, H.: On the photo-perceptive function in the eye of the hagfish, Myxine garmani Jordan et Snyder. J. Shimonoseki Univ. Fish. 13, 67–83 (1964).
Kohl, C.: Rudimentare Wirbelthieraugen. Zoologica (Stuttg.) 13, 48–51 (1892).
Krause, C.: Die Retina. 11. Die Retina der Fische. Cyclostomata. Int. Mschr. Anat. Histol. 3, 8–21 (1886).
Kühne,W.: In: Untersuchungen aus dem physiologischen Institute der Universitat Heidelberg, pp. 31, 455-456 (1878).
Langerhans, P.: Untersuchungen über Petromyzon planeri. Ber, Verh. dt. naturf. Ges. Freiburg 6, 1–115 (1876).
Laties, A.M., Liebman, P.: Cones of living amphibian eye: selective staining. Science 168, 1475–1477 (1970).
Marshall, J., Ansell, P.L.: Membranous inclusions in the retinal pigment epithelium: phagosomes and myeloid bodies. J. Anat. (Lond.) 110, 91–104 (1971).
Müller, H.: Anatomisch-physiologische Untersuchungen uber die Retina bei Menschen und Wirbelthieren. Z. wiss. Zool. A, 1–122 (1956).
Müller, J: über den eigenthumlichen Bau des Gehororgans bei den Cyclostomen, mit Bemerkungen uber die ungleiche Ausbildung der Sinnesorgane bei den Myxinoiden. Abh. k. Akad. Wiss. zu Berlin (1837).
Müller, W.: über die Stammesentwicklung des Sehorgans der Wirbelthiere. In: Beitrage zur Anatomie and Physiologie als Festgabe Carl Ludwig gewidmet. Leipzig: F. C. W. Vogel, 1874.
Öhman, P.: The photoreceptor outer segments of the river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis). An electron-, fluorescence-and light microscopic study. Acta zool. (Stockh.) 52, 287–297 (1971).
Öhman, P.: Fine structure of the retinal pigment epithelium of the river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis, Cyclostomi). Acta zool. (Stockh.) 55, 245-253 (1974).
Öhman, P.: Fine structure of photoreceptors and associated neurons in the retina of Lampetra fluviatilis (Cyclostomi). Vision Res. 16, 659–662 (1976).
Retzius,G.: Das Gehirn and das Auge von Myxine. Biol. Unters. 5, 55-68 (1893).
Rochon-Duvigneaud, A.: L'oeil. In: Traité de Zoologie, Vol. XIII/1. Grassé, P.-P. (ed.). Paris: Masson et Ce Libraires de l'Académie de Médicine, 1958, pp.58–65.
Spitznas, M., Hogan, M.J.: Outer segments of photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium. Interrelationship in the human eye. Arch. Ophthal. (Chicago) 84, 810-819 (1970).
Stell, W.K.: The morphological organization of the vertebrate retina. In: Physiology of Photoreceptor Organs, Fuortes, M.G.F. (ed.). Handbook of Sensory Physiology, Vol. VII/2, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag 1972, pp. 111–213.
Wald, G.: The metamorphosis of visual systems in the sea lamprey. J. gen. Physiol. 40, 901–914 (1957).
Walls, G.L.: The visual cells of lampreys. Br. J. Ophthal. 19, 129–148 (1935).
Walls, G.L.: The vertebrate eye and its adaptive radiation. Bloomfield Hills: Cranbrook Institute of Science, 1942. Reprinted 1963 by Hafner, New York-London, 1963.
Yamada, Y.: Fine structure of the ordinary lateral line organ. I. The neuromast of lamprey, Entosphenus japonicus. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 43, 1–17 (1973).
Yamada, Y., Hama, K.: Fine structure of the lateral-line organ of the common eel, Anguilla japonica. Z. Zellforsch. 124, 454–464 (1972).
Young, R.W.: An hypothesis to account for a basic distinction between rods and cones. Vision Res. 11, 1–5 (1971).
Young, R.W., Bok, D.: Participation of the retinal pigment epithelium in the rod outer segment re-newal process. J. Cell Biol. 42, 392–403 (1969).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1977 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Holmberg, K. (1977). The Cyclostome Retina. In: Crescitelli, F. (eds) The Visual System in Vertebrates. Handbook of Sensory Physiology, vol 7 / 5. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66468-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66468-7_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-66470-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-66468-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive