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Klinische Diagnosekriterien

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Alzheimer Demenz

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Zusammenfassung

Meist führen Gedächtnis- oder Orientierungsstörungen, seltener Sprach- und Affektstörungen zur Verdachtsdiagnose einer Demenz. In der Klinik gilt es zuerst, den Verdacht auf ein dementielles Syndrom zu verifizieren. Neben Anamnese, Fremdanamnese und Erhebung des psychopathologischen Befundes ist dabei eine psychometrische Testung erforderlich. Werden die Defizite bestätigt, beeinträchtigen sie das Alltagsleben, gehen sie nicht mit „Bewußtseinsstörungen“ einher und dauern sie länger als 6 Monate, wird von einer Demenz ausgegangen. Demenzen sind eine der wenigen Reaktionsweisen des Gehirns auf Funktionsstörungen (wie auch Kopfschmerz, Delir oder Koma). Jede dieser Reaktionsweisen, also auch die Demenz, kann auf verschiedenen Ursachen beruhen (sunten). Zur weiteren Diagnostik werden daher Zusatzuntersuchungen wie Labor, Elektrokardiogramm (EKG), Elektroenzephalogramm (EEG) und Computertomogramm (CT) bzw. Magnet-Resonanz-Tomographie (MRT) erforderlich. Finden sich Hinweise auf zerebrovaskuläre Veränderungen im CT und läßt sich über die Anamnese ein eindeutiger Zusammenhang zur Demenz herstellen (z.B. kognitive Verschlechterung nach Hirninfarkt), kann eine vaskuläre Demenz diagnostiziert werden (sunten). Fehlen spezifische Hinweise auf eine andere Ätiologie, ist das Vorliegen einer Alzheimer Krankheit wahrscheinlich.

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Authors
  1. Ralf Ihl
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Germany

    Hans Förstl

  2. Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, der Technischen, Universität München, Arbeitsgruppe Epidemiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Germany

    Horst Bickel

  3. der Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der TU, Alzheimer Zentrum München, Möhlstraße 26, 81675, München, Germany

    Alexander Kurz

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© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Ihl, R. (1999). Klinische Diagnosekriterien. In: Förstl, H., Bickel, H., Kurz, A. (eds) Alzheimer Demenz. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60228-3_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60228-3_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-60228-3

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