Skip to main content

Epidemiology and Pathology of Liver Metastases

  • Chapter
Liver Malignancies

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

  • 301 Accesses

Abstract

The liver is one of the organs mostly involved in metastatic disease from a variety of cancers, in particular those of the gastrointestinal tract. The proportion of patients with liver metastases increases with the progression of the neoplasia. Metastatic tumors account for about 98% of all hepatic malignancies and are found in nearly 4% of all liver biopsies (Craig et al. 1989). They develop from both epithelial and mesenchymal tissue, but the epithelial tumors spread more frequently to the liver. In a large series of 10,736 malignant neoplasms, Pickren et al. (1982) reported that the metastatic tumor in the liver was 41 times more frequent than the primary hepatic tumor.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Albelda SM (1993) Role of integrins and other cell-adhesion molecules in tumor progression and metastasis. Lab Invest 68:4–8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez OA (1990) Inhibition of collagenolytic activity and metastases of tumor cells by recombinant human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. J Nat1 Cancer Inst 82:589–594

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anthony PP, Bannasch P (1994) Tumors and tumor-like lesions of the liver and biliary tract. In: MacSweеn RNM, Anthony PP, Sheuer PJ. (eds) Pathology of the liver. Churchill Livingstone, Edimburgh, pp 635–667

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayoub JP, Hess KR, Abbruzzese MC, Lenzi R, Raber MN, Abbruzzese JL (1998) Unknown primary tumors metastatic to liver. J Clin Oncol 16:2105–2112

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bagge U, Skolnik G, Ericson LE (1983) The arrest of circulating tumor cells in the liver microcirculation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 105:134–140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balaton AJ, Nehama-Siboni M, Gotheil C(1988) Distinction between hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and metastatic carcinoma based on immunohistochemical staining for carcinoembryonic antigen and for cytocheratin 19 on paraffin sections. J Pathol 156:305–310

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbara-Guillem E, Alonso-Varona A, Vidal-Vanaclocha F (1989) Selective implantation and growth in rats and mice of experimental liver metastasis in acinar zone one. Cancer Res 49:4003–4010

    Google Scholar 

  • Battifora H (1988) Diagnostic uses of antibodies to keratins: a review and immunohistochemical comparison of seven monoclonal antibodies. In: Fenoglio CM, Wolff M. (eds) Progress in Surgical Pathology, vol 8. Masson, New York, pp 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Berx G, Clenton-Janson AM, Nollet F (1995) E-cadherin is a tumor invasion suppressor gene mutated in human lobular breast cancers. EMBO J 14:6107–6115

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biggs J, Hersperger E, Steeg PS, Liotta LA, Shearn A (1989) Drosophila gene that is homologous to a mammalian gene associated with tumor metastasis codes for a nucleoside diphosphate kinase. Cell 63: 933–940

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brumm C, Schulze C, Charles C, (1989) The significance of alpha-fetoprotein and other tumor markers in differential immunocytochemistry of primary liver tumors. Histopathology 14:503–513

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen WN, Boitnott JK, Kuhajda FP (1989) Immunoperoxidase staining as a diagnostic aid for hepatocellular carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2:8–12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craig JR, Peters RL, Edmonson HA (1989) Tumors of the liver and intrahepatic bile ducts. Fascicle 26, 2nd series. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology

    Google Scholar 

  • Denk H, Krepler R, Lackinger E (1982) Biochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of the intermediate filament cytoscheleton in human hepatocellular and in hepatic neoplastic nodules of mice. Lab Invest 46:584–596

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Desmet VI, van Eyken P, Sciot R. Cytocheratins (1990) for probing cell lineage relationship in developing liver. Hepatology 12:1249–1251

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Direnzo MF, Poulsom R, Olivero M, Comoglio PM, Lemoine NR (1995) Expression of the met hepatocyte growth factor receptor in human pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 55:1129–38

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Estermann F, Thiebault S, Turnani C, Djabri M, Wiedmann, Sondag D (1996) Pseudocystic hepatic metastases from a carcinoma of the uterine cervix mimiking polycystic liver disease. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 20:1125–1128

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrandez-Izquierdo A, Llombart-Bosh A (1987) Immunohistochemical characterization of 130 cases of primary hepatic carcinomas. Pathol Res Pract 182: 783–791

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fidler IJ (1990) Critical factors in the biology of human cancer metastasis: twenty-eighth GHA. Clowes Memorial Award Lecture. Cancer Res 50:6130–6138

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fidler IJ, Radinsky R (1990) Genetic control of cancer metastasis. J Nat’ Cancer Inst 82:166–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher HP, Altmannsberger M, Weber K, Osborn C,(1987) Keratin polypeptides in malignant epithelial liver tumors: differential diagnostic and histogenetic aspects. Am J Pathol 127:530–537

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganjei P, Nadji M, Albores-Saavedra J, Morakles AR (1988) Histologic markers in primary and metastatic tumors of the liver. Cancer 62:1994–1998

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gherardi E, Stoker (1991) M. Hepatocyte growth factor-scatter factor: mitogen, motogen, and met. Cancer Cells 3:227–232

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gjoen T, Seljelid R, Kolset S (1989) Binding of metastatic colon carcinoma cells to liver macrophages. I Leukoc Biol 45:362–369

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi S, Masuda H, Shigematsu C, (1997) Liver metastasis rare in colorectal cancer patients with fatty liver. HepatoGastroenterology 44:1069–1075

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hosono J, Narita T, Kimura N (1988) Involvement of adhesion molecules in metastasis of SW1990, human pancreatic cancer cells. J Surg Oncol 67:77–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jessup JM, Thomas P (1989) Carcinoembryoni; antigen: function in metastasis by human colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1:263–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson DE, Herndier BG, Medeiros LJ (1988) The diagnostic utility of the keratin profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Am I Surg Pathol 12:187–197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kan Z, Ivancev K, Lunderquist A, McCuskey P, McCuskey R, Wallace S (1995) In vivo microscopy of hepatic metastases: dynamic observation of tumor cell in asion and interaction with Kupffer cells. Hepatology 21:487–494

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanai I, Konno H, Tanaka T.(1998) Anti-tumor and antimetastatic effects of human-vascular-endothelialgrowth factor-neutralizing antibody on human colon and gastric carcinoma xenotransplanted orthotopically into nude mice. Intl Cancer 77:933–936

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine A) (1993) The tumor suppressor genes. Annu Rev Biochem 62:623–651

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luke B (1952) Differential grouth of metastatic tumors in liver and lung. Experiments with rabbit V2 ca. rcinoma. Cancer Res, 12: 734–738

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma CK, Zarbo RJ, Frierson HF, Lee MW (1993) Comparative immunohistochemical study of primary and metastatic carcinomas of the liver. Am J Clin Pathol 99:551–557

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mead JE, Fausto N (1989) Trasforming growth fad a or-a may be a physiological regulator of liver regeneration by means of an autocrine mechanism. Proc Natl Acad 5:i USA 86:1558–1562

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melato M, Laurino L, Mucli E, Valente M, Okuda K (1989) Relationship between cirrhosis, liver cancer and hepatic metastases. Cancer 64:455–459

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michalopoulos GK (1990) Liver regeneration: molecular mechanisms of growth control. FASBJ:176–187

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moll R, Franke WW, Schiller DL (1982) The catalogue of human cytocheratins: patterns of expression in normal epithelia, tumors and cultured cells. Cell 31:11–24

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nabi IR (1992) Autocrine motility factor and its receptor: role in cell locomotion and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 11:5–10

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paget S (1989) The distribution of secondary grouth in cancer of the breast. Cancer Metastasis Rev 8:98–101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pickren JW, Tsukada T. Lane WW (1982) Liver Metastasis. Analysis of Autopsy Data. In: Weiss L, Gilbert HA (eds) Liver Metastasis. Hall Medical Publishers, Bostor. pp 2–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Radinsky R (1995) Molecular mechanisms for orgar.-specific colon carcinoma metastasis. Eur J Cancer 31a:1091–1095

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radinsky R, Ellis LM (1996) Molecular determinants in the biology of liver metastasis. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 5:215–229

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riopel MA, Klimstra DS, Godellas CV, Blumgart LH, Westra WH (1997) Intrabiliary growth of metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma. Am I Surg Pathol 21:1030–1036

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz RM, Silberman S, Persky B, Bajowski AS, Ca:-michael DF (1988) Inhibition by recombinant tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases of human amnion invasion and lung colonization by murine B16–F10 melanoma cells. Cancer Res 48:5539–5545

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stetler-Stevenson WG (1990) Type IV collagenases in tumor invasion and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 9:289–330

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stetler-Stevenson WG, Aznavoorian S, Liotta LA (1993) Tu mor cell interactions with the extracellular matri_: during invasion and metastasis. Annu Rev Cell Biol 9:541.-573

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tandon AK (1990) Cathepsin D and prognosis in breast can cer. N Engl J Med 322:297–305

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thung SN, Gerber MA, Sarno E, Popper H (1979) Distribution of five antigens in hepatocellular carcinoma. Lab Invest 41:101–105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tseng SC, Jarvinen MI, Nelson WG (1982) Correlation of specific keratins with different types of epithelial differentiation: monoclonal antibody studies. Cell 30:361–372

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uchino S (1992) Frequent loss of heterozygosity at the DCC locus in gastric cancer. Cancer Res 52:3099–3104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Eyken P, Desmet VJ (1993) Cytocheratins and the liver. Liver 13:113–122

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Eyken P, Sciot R, Paterson A (1988) Cytocheratin expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study. Hum Pathol 19:562–568

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vleminckx K, Marcel M, Vakaet L Jr, Friers W, van Roy F (1991) Expression of E-cadherin in epithelial cell lines is negatively correlated with invasion. Clin Exp Metastasis 8:17–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Zvibel I, Kraft A (1993) Extracellular matrix and metastasis. In: Zern MA, Reid LM (eds) Extracellular matrix: its chemistry, biology, and pathobiology, vol 22. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 559–580

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Campani, D., Calico, M.A., Esposito, I., Bevilacqua, G. (1999). Epidemiology and Pathology of Liver Metastases. In: Bartolozzi, C., Lencioni, R. (eds) Liver Malignancies. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58641-5_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58641-5_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63679-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-58641-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics