Abstract
The liver is one of the organs mostly involved in metastatic disease from a variety of cancers, in particular those of the gastrointestinal tract. The proportion of patients with liver metastases increases with the progression of the neoplasia. Metastatic tumors account for about 98% of all hepatic malignancies and are found in nearly 4% of all liver biopsies (Craig et al. 1989). They develop from both epithelial and mesenchymal tissue, but the epithelial tumors spread more frequently to the liver. In a large series of 10,736 malignant neoplasms, Pickren et al. (1982) reported that the metastatic tumor in the liver was 41 times more frequent than the primary hepatic tumor.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Albelda SM (1993) Role of integrins and other cell-adhesion molecules in tumor progression and metastasis. Lab Invest 68:4–8
Alvarez OA (1990) Inhibition of collagenolytic activity and metastases of tumor cells by recombinant human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. J Nat1 Cancer Inst 82:589–594
Anthony PP, Bannasch P (1994) Tumors and tumor-like lesions of the liver and biliary tract. In: MacSweеn RNM, Anthony PP, Sheuer PJ. (eds) Pathology of the liver. Churchill Livingstone, Edimburgh, pp 635–667
Ayoub JP, Hess KR, Abbruzzese MC, Lenzi R, Raber MN, Abbruzzese JL (1998) Unknown primary tumors metastatic to liver. J Clin Oncol 16:2105–2112
Bagge U, Skolnik G, Ericson LE (1983) The arrest of circulating tumor cells in the liver microcirculation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 105:134–140
Balaton AJ, Nehama-Siboni M, Gotheil C(1988) Distinction between hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and metastatic carcinoma based on immunohistochemical staining for carcinoembryonic antigen and for cytocheratin 19 on paraffin sections. J Pathol 156:305–310
Barbara-Guillem E, Alonso-Varona A, Vidal-Vanaclocha F (1989) Selective implantation and growth in rats and mice of experimental liver metastasis in acinar zone one. Cancer Res 49:4003–4010
Battifora H (1988) Diagnostic uses of antibodies to keratins: a review and immunohistochemical comparison of seven monoclonal antibodies. In: Fenoglio CM, Wolff M. (eds) Progress in Surgical Pathology, vol 8. Masson, New York, pp 1–5
Berx G, Clenton-Janson AM, Nollet F (1995) E-cadherin is a tumor invasion suppressor gene mutated in human lobular breast cancers. EMBO J 14:6107–6115
Biggs J, Hersperger E, Steeg PS, Liotta LA, Shearn A (1989) Drosophila gene that is homologous to a mammalian gene associated with tumor metastasis codes for a nucleoside diphosphate kinase. Cell 63: 933–940
Brumm C, Schulze C, Charles C, (1989) The significance of alpha-fetoprotein and other tumor markers in differential immunocytochemistry of primary liver tumors. Histopathology 14:503–513
Christensen WN, Boitnott JK, Kuhajda FP (1989) Immunoperoxidase staining as a diagnostic aid for hepatocellular carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2:8–12
Craig JR, Peters RL, Edmonson HA (1989) Tumors of the liver and intrahepatic bile ducts. Fascicle 26, 2nd series. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology
Denk H, Krepler R, Lackinger E (1982) Biochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of the intermediate filament cytoscheleton in human hepatocellular and in hepatic neoplastic nodules of mice. Lab Invest 46:584–596
Desmet VI, van Eyken P, Sciot R. Cytocheratins (1990) for probing cell lineage relationship in developing liver. Hepatology 12:1249–1251
Direnzo MF, Poulsom R, Olivero M, Comoglio PM, Lemoine NR (1995) Expression of the met hepatocyte growth factor receptor in human pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 55:1129–38
Estermann F, Thiebault S, Turnani C, Djabri M, Wiedmann, Sondag D (1996) Pseudocystic hepatic metastases from a carcinoma of the uterine cervix mimiking polycystic liver disease. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 20:1125–1128
Ferrandez-Izquierdo A, Llombart-Bosh A (1987) Immunohistochemical characterization of 130 cases of primary hepatic carcinomas. Pathol Res Pract 182: 783–791
Fidler IJ (1990) Critical factors in the biology of human cancer metastasis: twenty-eighth GHA. Clowes Memorial Award Lecture. Cancer Res 50:6130–6138
Fidler IJ, Radinsky R (1990) Genetic control of cancer metastasis. J Nat’ Cancer Inst 82:166–168
Fisher HP, Altmannsberger M, Weber K, Osborn C,(1987) Keratin polypeptides in malignant epithelial liver tumors: differential diagnostic and histogenetic aspects. Am J Pathol 127:530–537
Ganjei P, Nadji M, Albores-Saavedra J, Morakles AR (1988) Histologic markers in primary and metastatic tumors of the liver. Cancer 62:1994–1998
Gherardi E, Stoker (1991) M. Hepatocyte growth factor-scatter factor: mitogen, motogen, and met. Cancer Cells 3:227–232
Gjoen T, Seljelid R, Kolset S (1989) Binding of metastatic colon carcinoma cells to liver macrophages. I Leukoc Biol 45:362–369
Hayashi S, Masuda H, Shigematsu C, (1997) Liver metastasis rare in colorectal cancer patients with fatty liver. HepatoGastroenterology 44:1069–1075
Hosono J, Narita T, Kimura N (1988) Involvement of adhesion molecules in metastasis of SW1990, human pancreatic cancer cells. J Surg Oncol 67:77–84
Jessup JM, Thomas P (1989) Carcinoembryoni; antigen: function in metastasis by human colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1:263–280
Johnson DE, Herndier BG, Medeiros LJ (1988) The diagnostic utility of the keratin profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Am I Surg Pathol 12:187–197
Kan Z, Ivancev K, Lunderquist A, McCuskey P, McCuskey R, Wallace S (1995) In vivo microscopy of hepatic metastases: dynamic observation of tumor cell in asion and interaction with Kupffer cells. Hepatology 21:487–494
Kanai I, Konno H, Tanaka T.(1998) Anti-tumor and antimetastatic effects of human-vascular-endothelialgrowth factor-neutralizing antibody on human colon and gastric carcinoma xenotransplanted orthotopically into nude mice. Intl Cancer 77:933–936
Levine A) (1993) The tumor suppressor genes. Annu Rev Biochem 62:623–651
Luke B (1952) Differential grouth of metastatic tumors in liver and lung. Experiments with rabbit V2 ca. rcinoma. Cancer Res, 12: 734–738
Ma CK, Zarbo RJ, Frierson HF, Lee MW (1993) Comparative immunohistochemical study of primary and metastatic carcinomas of the liver. Am J Clin Pathol 99:551–557
Mead JE, Fausto N (1989) Trasforming growth fad a or-a may be a physiological regulator of liver regeneration by means of an autocrine mechanism. Proc Natl Acad 5:i USA 86:1558–1562
Melato M, Laurino L, Mucli E, Valente M, Okuda K (1989) Relationship between cirrhosis, liver cancer and hepatic metastases. Cancer 64:455–459
Michalopoulos GK (1990) Liver regeneration: molecular mechanisms of growth control. FASBJ:176–187
Moll R, Franke WW, Schiller DL (1982) The catalogue of human cytocheratins: patterns of expression in normal epithelia, tumors and cultured cells. Cell 31:11–24
Nabi IR (1992) Autocrine motility factor and its receptor: role in cell locomotion and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 11:5–10
Paget S (1989) The distribution of secondary grouth in cancer of the breast. Cancer Metastasis Rev 8:98–101
Pickren JW, Tsukada T. Lane WW (1982) Liver Metastasis. Analysis of Autopsy Data. In: Weiss L, Gilbert HA (eds) Liver Metastasis. Hall Medical Publishers, Bostor. pp 2–18
Radinsky R (1995) Molecular mechanisms for orgar.-specific colon carcinoma metastasis. Eur J Cancer 31a:1091–1095
Radinsky R, Ellis LM (1996) Molecular determinants in the biology of liver metastasis. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 5:215–229
Riopel MA, Klimstra DS, Godellas CV, Blumgart LH, Westra WH (1997) Intrabiliary growth of metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma. Am I Surg Pathol 21:1030–1036
Schultz RM, Silberman S, Persky B, Bajowski AS, Ca:-michael DF (1988) Inhibition by recombinant tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases of human amnion invasion and lung colonization by murine B16–F10 melanoma cells. Cancer Res 48:5539–5545
Stetler-Stevenson WG (1990) Type IV collagenases in tumor invasion and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 9:289–330
Stetler-Stevenson WG, Aznavoorian S, Liotta LA (1993) Tu mor cell interactions with the extracellular matri_: during invasion and metastasis. Annu Rev Cell Biol 9:541.-573
Tandon AK (1990) Cathepsin D and prognosis in breast can cer. N Engl J Med 322:297–305
Thung SN, Gerber MA, Sarno E, Popper H (1979) Distribution of five antigens in hepatocellular carcinoma. Lab Invest 41:101–105
Tseng SC, Jarvinen MI, Nelson WG (1982) Correlation of specific keratins with different types of epithelial differentiation: monoclonal antibody studies. Cell 30:361–372
Uchino S (1992) Frequent loss of heterozygosity at the DCC locus in gastric cancer. Cancer Res 52:3099–3104
van Eyken P, Desmet VJ (1993) Cytocheratins and the liver. Liver 13:113–122
van Eyken P, Sciot R, Paterson A (1988) Cytocheratin expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study. Hum Pathol 19:562–568
Vleminckx K, Marcel M, Vakaet L Jr, Friers W, van Roy F (1991) Expression of E-cadherin in epithelial cell lines is negatively correlated with invasion. Clin Exp Metastasis 8:17–23
Zvibel I, Kraft A (1993) Extracellular matrix and metastasis. In: Zern MA, Reid LM (eds) Extracellular matrix: its chemistry, biology, and pathobiology, vol 22. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 559–580
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Campani, D., Calico, M.A., Esposito, I., Bevilacqua, G. (1999). Epidemiology and Pathology of Liver Metastases. In: Bartolozzi, C., Lencioni, R. (eds) Liver Malignancies. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58641-5_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58641-5_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63679-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-58641-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive