Abstract
Primary hepatobiliary tumors, arising from hepatocytes, liver mesenchyma or biliary tract, are relatively rare in Germany and other western countries, but among the leading causes of death worldwide [1,3]. Mortality rates in Germany and the USA are comparable: 1.8 for males and 0.6 for females. In contrast, the mortality is much higher in Japan and Hong Kong. Primary liver malignancies have a poor prognosis, because most patients die within one year after diagnosis [17]. Anorexia and cachexia of malignancy are the most frequent causes of death. Age rates of patients with hepatobiliary tumors show a peak between 50 and 69. The geographical distribution of primary liver cancer reflects the different prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection, which is much higher in Asia and Africa. Other well-known risk conditions for the development of primary liver neoplasm are chronic infections with hepatitis C virus, alcoholic liver disease, hemochromatosis, tyrosinemia, oral contraceptives, anabolic steroids and cirrhosis [17]. Food contamination with aflatoxins has been identified as another risk factor for hepatocellular carcinomas. Malignant tumors of the gall bladder exhibit both a higher incidence and mortality in females than in males [1]. The prognosis of gall bladder carcinomas is also poor. Cholelithiasis is a proven risk factor for the development of gall bladder tumors.
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Marienhagen, J. (2000). Hepatobiliary tumors. In: Wieler, H.J., Coleman, R.E. (eds) PET in Clinical Oncology. Steinkopff, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57703-1_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57703-1_18
Publisher Name: Steinkopff, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63329-4
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