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Hautverträglichkeit

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Hände-Hygiene im Gesundheitswesen

Zusammenfassung

Die Haut stellt eine Barriere dar, die uns vor schädlichen äußeren Einflüssen schützt und einen Flüssigkeitsverlust des Körpers verhindert. Sie besteht aus zwei Hauptschichten, der Epidermis (Oberhaut) und der darunterliegenden Dermis (Lederhaut). Die meisten Schutzfunktionen der Haut werden durch die Epidermis sichergestellt. Die Epidermis besteht aus 5 Schichten (Abb. 7.1): von aussen nach innen folgen das Stratum corneum (Hornschicht), das Stratum lucidum (diese Schicht findet sich nur in Bereichen des Körpers mit ziemlich dicker Haut), das Stratum granulosum, das Stratum spinosum und das Stratum basale [85]. Stammzellen im Stratum basale bilden ständig neue Zellen (Keratinozyten), die auf ihrer Wanderung nach oben zum Stratum corneum eine beträchtliche Differenzierung durchlaufen. Wenn die Zellen das Stratum corneum erreicht haben, sind sie abgeflacht und kernlos, enthalten eine grosse Menge an Keratin und Fetten und sie sind nicht mehr vital. Diese keratinreichen Zellen des Stratum corneum schützen das darunterliegende Gewebe vor äußeren Belastungen wie mechanischen Verletzungen, pH- und Temperaturänderungen sowie einer enzymatischen Verdauung. Die abgestorbenen Zellen des Stratum corneum, die als Korneozyten oder Horn-schuppen bezeichnet werden, schilfern sich beim Baden, Händewaschen und durch Reibung ab. Täglich werden circa 107 Partikel von der Haut abgestoßen. Demzufolge werden die Zellen der Epidermis alle zwei Wochen komplett erneuert [18, 52, 85].

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    Günter Kampf

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Boyce, J.M. (2003). Hautverträglichkeit. In: Kampf, G. (eds) Hände-Hygiene im Gesundheitswesen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55718-7_6

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