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Kopfverletzungen

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Trauma-Biomechanik

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Zusammenfassung

Einer kurzen Zusammenfassung der relevanten anatomischen Strukturen des Kopfes folgt eine Beschreibung und Klassifikation möglicher Kopfverletzungen und der entsprechenden Verletzungsmechanismen. Anschliessend werden das biomechanische Verhalten des Kopfes, das in verschiedenen Experimenten untersucht wurde, sowie daraus abgeleitete Verletzungskriterien, mit deren Hilfe die Belastungen des Kopfes in Crashtests quantifiziert werden, diskutiert. Spezielle Aspekte von Kopfverletzungen im Sport werden in einem eigenen Kapitel behandelt. Abschliessend werden grundlegende Prinzipien zur Prävention von Kopfverletzungen vorgestellt. Sicherheitsgurte und Airbags können Kopfverletzungen durch das Vermeiden eines Kopfanpralls verhindern. Helme oder deformierbare Strukturen im Fahrzeuginnenraum bzw. an äusseren Fahrzeugstrukturen können die Folgen eines Kopfanpralls durch Verteilung der Anprallkraft auf eine grössere Fläche und durch Energieabsorption mildern.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für biomedizinische Technik, Universität und ETH Zürich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Zürich, Schweiz

    PD Dr. Kai-Uwe Schmitt & Prof. em. Dr. Peter F. Niederer

  2. Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

    Prof. Dr. Duane S. Cronin

  3. AGU Zürich, Winkelriedstrasse 27, 8006, Zürich, Schweiz

    Dr. Markus H. Muser & Prof. Dr. med. Felix Walz

Authors
  1. PD Dr. Kai-Uwe Schmitt
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  2. Prof. em. Dr. Peter F. Niederer
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  3. Prof. Dr. Duane S. Cronin
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  4. Dr. Markus H. Muser
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Correspondence to Kai-Uwe Schmitt .

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Schmitt, KU., Niederer, P., Cronin, D., Muser, M., Walz, F. (2014). Kopfverletzungen. In: Trauma-Biomechanik. VDI-Buch. Springer Vieweg, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54281-7_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54281-7_3

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