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Ballistisches Trauma und Verletzungen durch Explosionen

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Trauma-Biomechanik

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Zusammenfassung

Sowohl im militärischen wie auch im zivilen Umfeld kommt es zu Verletzungen durch Schüsse und Explosionen. Ein ballistisches Trauma beschreibt dabei die Interaktion zwischen einem Projektil und dem menschlichen Körper; penetrierende oder stumpfe Traumata können die Folge sein. Verletzungen durch Explosionen beziehen sich auf die Detonation eines Sprengsatzes und die nachfolgende komplexe Interaktion des Menschen mit der eigentlichen Detonationswelle, etwaigen Splittern des explodierenden Sprengsatzes und umherfliegender Gegenstände bzw. Trümmern. Die Abgrenzung zwischen ballistischem Trauma und Verletzungen durch Explosionen ist nicht immer ganz eindeutig, es bestehen gewisse Überlappungen. Verletzungen der unteren Extremitäten, des Thorax und des Kopfes treten beispielsweise häufig im Zuge von Explosionen auf, obschon auch andere Körperregionen betroffen sein können. Genauso können alle Körperregionen auch durch Schüsse verletzt werden, obschon hier Schutzausrüstungen zum Einsatz kommen, die sich vor allem auf lebenswichtige Organe wie Hirn, Herz oder Lunge konzentrieren. Forschungsschwerpunkte in diesen Bereichen sind u. a. Kopfverletzungen, der Schutz von Fahrzeuginsassen bei Explosionen und der Schutz von Kopf, Gesicht und Thorax vor Schussverletzungen sowie Verletzungen durch Splitter, wobei dies auch stumpfe Traumata umfasst, die trotz Tragen von Schutzausrüstung entstehen können (z. B. wenn die Schutzausrüstung von außen belastet wird).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für biomedizinische Technik, Universität und ETH Zürich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Zürich, Schweiz

    PD Dr. Kai-Uwe Schmitt & Prof. em. Dr. Peter F. Niederer

  2. Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

    Prof. Dr. Duane S. Cronin

  3. AGU Zürich, Winkelriedstrasse 27, 8006, Zürich, Schweiz

    Dr. Markus H. Muser & Prof. Dr. med. Felix Walz

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  1. PD Dr. Kai-Uwe Schmitt
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  2. Prof. em. Dr. Peter F. Niederer
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  4. Dr. Markus H. Muser
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  5. Prof. Dr. med. Felix Walz
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Correspondence to Kai-Uwe Schmitt .

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Schmitt, KU., Niederer, P., Cronin, D., Muser, M., Walz, F. (2014). Ballistisches Trauma und Verletzungen durch Explosionen. In: Trauma-Biomechanik. VDI-Buch. Springer Vieweg, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54281-7_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54281-7_10

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