Zusammenfassung
Am 31. Oktober 2011 wurde laut Weltbevölkerungsbericht der Vereinten Nationen (www.weltbevoelkerung.de) der 7 Milliardenste Erdenbürger geboren. Auch wenn es nur ein symbolisches Datum ist, so wuchs damit die Bevölkerung der Erde in den letzten 12 Jahren um 1 Milliarde Menschen. Maßnahmen zur Familienplanung und Geburtenkontrolle stehen deshalb ganz oben auf der Agenda der UN und vieler Staaten.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Literatur
Literatur zu Abschn. 5.1
Bagshaw HA, Masters JRW, Pryor JP. Factors influencing the outcome of vasectomy reversal. Brit J Urol 1980; 52: 57–60
Belker AM. Vasectomy reversal. Urol Clin N Am 1987; 14: 155–166
Belker AM, Thomas AJ, Fuchs EF, Konnak JW, Sharlip ID. Results of 1.469 microsurgical vasectomy reversals by the Vasovasostomy Study Group. J Urol 1991; 145: 505–511
Belker AM. Microsurgical vasovasostomy: two-layer technique. In: Goldstein M (Ed) Surgery of male infertility. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1995; p. 61–66
Belker AM. Editorial: Evaluation of partial anastomotic obstruction after vasovasostomy and predictors of success after vasoepididymostomy. J Urol 1998; 159: 835–836
Belker AM. Editorial comment. J Urol 2002; 167: 1205
Berardinucci D, Zini A, Jarvi K. Outcome of microsurgical reconstruction in men with suspected epididymal obstruction. J Urol 1998; 159: 831–834
Berger RE. Triangulation end-to-side vasoepididymostomy. J Urol 1998; 159: 1951–1953
Boorjian S, Lipkin M, Goldstein M. The impact of obstructive interval and sperm granuloma on outcome of vasectomy reversal. J Urol 2004; 171: 304–306
Boyarski S. Operating microscope for vasovasostomy. South Med J 1973; 66: 302–304
Brandell RA, Li PS, Goldstein M. Vasovasostomy. Atlas Urol Clin N Am 1999; 7: 45–64
Chan PTK, Goldstein M. Outcomes of microsurgical vasectomy reversal in men with the same female partners. J Urol 2001; 165: 307 Suppl
Chan PTK, Li PS, Goldstein M. Microsurgical vasoepididymostomy: a prospective randomized study of 3 intussusception techniques in rats. J Urol 2003; 169: 1924–1929
Chan PT, Goldstein M. Superior outcomes of microsurgical vasectomy reversal in men with the same female partners. Fertil Steril 2004; 81: 1371–1374
Chan PTK, Brandell RA, Goldstein M. Prospective analysis of outcomes after microsurgical intussusception vasoepididymostomy. Brit J Urol 2005; 96: 598–601
Chawla A, O’Brien J, Lisi M, Zini A, Jarvi K. Should all urologists performing vasectomy reversals be able to perform vasoepididymostomies if required? J Urol 2004; 172: 1048–1050
Crain DS, Roberts JL, Amling CL. Practice patterns in vasectomy reversal surgery: results of a questionnaire study among practicing urologists. J Urol 2004; 171: 311–315
Crais TF. Reproductive and urogenital microsurgery. Clin Plast Surg 1983; 10: 155–171
Deck AJ, Berger RE. Should vasectomy reversal be performed in men with older female partners? J Urol 2000; 163: 105–106
Dewire DW, Thomas AJ. Microsurgical end-to-side vasoepididymostomy. In: Goldstein M (ed.) Surgery of male infertility. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1995; p. 128–134
DIR Jahrbuch 2007. Deutsches IVF Register, Bad Segeberg 2008
Diveev A, Schierbaum K, Engelmann U. Stand der Mikrochirurgie in Deutschland – eine Umfrage im Jahr 2003. Vortrag 50. Tagung der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie, Bonn, 2004
Dohle GR, Jungwirth A, Kopa Z, Giwercman A, Diemer T, Hargreave TB. Guidelines on male infertility. European Association of Urology 2009; www.uroweb.org/professional-resources/guidelines
Dohle GR, Tournaye H. Should vasectomy reversal be performed in men with older female partners? Urologe A 2001; 40: Suppl 1, 42
Engelmann U, Deindl F, Hertle L, Wilbert D, Senge T. Die Refertilisierungssituation in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland – Ergebnisse einer Umfrage. Urologe B 1989; 29: 29–33
Engelmann UH, Schramek P, Tomamichel G, Deindl F, Senge T. Vasectomy reversal in central Europe: results of a questionnaire of urologists in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. J Urol 1990; 143: 64–67
Fazeli-Matin S, Morrison G, Goldstein M. What is the pregnancy rate in vasovasostomy and varicocelectomy patients who are “lost to follow-up”? J Urol 1994; 151: 303 Suppl
Fleming C. Robot-assisted vasovasostomy. Urol Clin N Am 2004; 31: 769–772
Fodgestam I, Fall M. Microsurgical end-to-end and end-to-side epididymovasostomy to correct occlusive azoospermia. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 1983; 17: 137–140
Fox M. Failed vasectomy reversal: is a further attempt worthwile using microsurgery? Eur Urol 1997; 31: 436–438
Fuchs EF, Burt RA. Vasectomy reversal performed 15 years or more after vasectomy: correlation of pregnancy outcome with partner age and with pregnancy results of the in vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmatic sperm injection. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 516–522
Gerrard ER, Sandlow JI, Oster RA, Burns JR, Box LC, Kolettis PN. Effect of female partner age on pregnancy rates after vasectomy reversal. Fertil Steril 2007; 87: 1340–1344
Goldstein M, Li PS, Matthews GJ. Microsurgical vasovasostomy: the microdot technique of precision suture placement. J Urol 1998; 159: 188–190
Hamidinia A, Beck AD, van Beek AK. Modified technique for microsurgical vasovasostomy. Invest Urol 1979; 17: 42–45
Heidenreich A, Altmann P, Neubauer S, Engelmann UH. Die mikrochirurgische Vasovasostomie im Zeitalter der modernen Reproduktionsmedizin. Eine Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse. Urologe A 2000; 39: 240–245
Hernandez J, Sabanegh ES. Repeat vasectomy reversal after initial failure: overall results and predictors for success. J Urol 1999; 161: 1153–1156
Hinz S, Rais-Bahrami S, Kempkensteffen C, Weiske WH, Schrader M, Magheli A. Fertility rates following vasectomy reversal: importance of age of the female partner. Urol Int 2008; 81: 416–420
Hollingsworth MR, Sandlow JI, Schrepferman CG. Repeat vasectomy reversal yields high success rates. Fertil Steril 2007; 88: 217–219
Jarow JP, Espeland MA, Lipshultz LI. Evaluation of the azoospermic patient. J Urol 1989; 142: 62–65
Jarow JP, Sigman M, Buch JP, Oates RD. Delayed appearance of sperm after end-to-side vasoepididymostomy. J Urol 1995; 153: 1156–1158
Jequier AM. Edward J Martin (1859–1938). The founding father of modern clinical andrology. Int J Androl 2008; 14: 1–10
Kidd CF, Fuchs EF. Pregnancy rate after vasectomy reversal as a function of the female partner age. J Urol 2001; 165: Suppl. 307
Kim SW, Ku JH, Park K, Son H, Paick JS. A different female partner does not affect the success of second vasectomy reversal. J Androl 2005; 26: 48–52
Kim HH, Goldstein M. History of the vasectomy reversal. Urol Clin N Am 2009; 36: 359–373
Klosterhalfen H, Wagenknecht LV, Becker H, Huland H, Schirren C. Operationsresultate der Epididymo-Vasostomie und der Vasovasostomie. Urologe A 1983; 22: 25–28
Klosterhalfen H. Operative Therapie der Infertilität des Mannes. Helv chir Acta 1984; 51: 339–344
Kolettis PN, Thomas AJ. Vasoepididymstomy for vasectomy reversal: a critical assessment in the era of intracytoplasmatic sperm injection. J Urol 1997; 158: 467–470
Kolettis PN. The evaluation and management of the azoospermic patient. J Androl 2002; 23: 293–305
Kolettis PN, D`Amico AM, Box L. Outcomes for vasovasostomy with bilateral intravasal azoospermia. J Androl 2003; 24: 22–24
Kolettis PN, Burns JR, Nangia AK. Outcomes for vasovasostomy performed when only sperm parts are present in the vasal fluid. J Androl 2006; 27: 565–567
Konrad G, Mast GJ, Schwaiger R, Ziegler M. Mikrochirurgie in der Urologie. Urologe A 1984; 23: 244–250
Kuang W, Shin PR, Matin S, Thomas AJ. Initial evaluation of robotic technology for microsurgical vasovasostomy. J Urol 2004; 171: 300–30
Lee R, Li PS, Goldstein M, Tanrikut C, Schattman G, Schlegel PN. A decision analysis of treatments for obstructive azoospermia. Human Reprod 2008; 23: 2043–2049
Lespinasse VD. Obstructive sterility 2 the male. Treatment by direct vaso-epididymostomy. JAMA 1918; 70: 448–450
Marmar JL. Management of the epididymal tubule during an end-to-side vasoepididymostomy. J Urol 1995; 154: 93–96
Marmar JL. Modified vasoepididymostomy with simultaneous double needle placement, tubulotomy and tubular invagination. J Urol 2000; 163: 483–486
Matthews GJ, Schlegel PN, Goldstein M. Patency following microsurgical vasoepididymostomy and vasovasostomy: temporal considerations. J Urol 1995; 154: 2070–2073
Matthews GJ, McGee K, Goldstein M. Microsurgical reconstruction following failed vasectomy reversal. J Urol 1997; 157: 844–846
Meng MV, Greene KL, Turek PJ. Surgery or assisted reproduction? A decision analysis of treatment costs in male infertility. J Urol 2005; 174: 1926–1931
Nagler HM, Jung H. Factors predicting successful microsurgical vasectomy reversal. Urol Clin N Am 2009; 36: 383–390
Niederberger C, Makhlouf AA. Vasectomy reversal in the presence of diminished ovarian reserve: a complex clinical conundrum. J Androl 2006; 27: 3–5
Oesterwitz H, Lenk S, Engel S, Krüger G. Diagnostik und Therapie der Verschlußazoospermie. Z Urol Nephrol 1982; 75: 473–481
Oesterwitz H, Lebentrau J. Fehler und Gefahren bei der Refertilisierungsoperation. Med Report 2004; 28: 3
Oesterwitz H, Oesterwitz K, Schott H. Ergebnisse der mikrochirurgischen Refertilisierungsoperation bei 1.000 Patienten nach Vasektomie. Urol Urogynäkol 2010; 17: 47–50
Owen ER. Microsurgical vasovasostomy: a reliable vasectomy reversal. Aust NZ J Surg 1977; 47: 305–309
Owen ER, Kapila H. Vasectomy reversal–Review of 475 microsurgical vasovasostomies. Med J Aust 1984; 140: 398–400
Owen ER. Microsurgery in common cases of male infertility. Int Surg 2006; 91: Suppl 85–89
Paick JS, Park JY, Park DW, Son H, Kim SW. Microsurgical vasovasostomy after failed vasovasostomy. J Urol 2003; 169: 1052–1055
Palermo G, Joris H, Devroey P, van Steirteghem AC. Pregnancies after intracytoplasmatic injection of single spermatozoon into an oocyte. Lancet 1992; 340: 17
Parakattil SJ, Kuang W, Agarwal A, Thomas AJ. Model to predict if a vasoepididymostomy will be required for vasectomy reversal. J Urol 2005; 173: 1681–1684
Parakattil SJ, Kuang W, Kolettis PN, Pasqualotto FF, Teloken P Teloken C, Nangia AK, Daitch JA, Niederberger C, Thomas AJ. Multi-institutional validation of vasectomy reversal predictor. J Urol 2006; 175: 247–249
Parakattil SJ, Moran ME. Robotic instrumentation: evolution and microsurgical applications. Indian J Urol 2010; 26: 395–403
Pasqualotto FF; Agarwal A, Srivastava M, Nelson DR, Thomas AJ. Fertility outcome after repeat vasoepididymostomy. J Urol 1999; 162: 1626–1628
Pavlovich CP, Schlegel PN. Fertility options after vasectomy: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Fertil Steril 1997; 67: 133–141
Pierpaoli S, Mulhall JP. Vasectomy reversal in the age of intracytoplasmatic sperm injection. Curr Opinion Urol 1998; 8: 531–534
Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Vasectomy reversal. Fertil Steril 2008; 90: S78–82
Rosenwaks Z, Davis O, Damaris M. The role of maternal age in assisted reproduction. Hum Reprod 1995; 10: 165–173
Sandlow JI, Kolettis PN. Vasovasostomy in the convoluted vas deferens: indications and outcomes. J Urol 2005; 173: 540–542
Schiff J, Li PS, Goldstein M. Robotic microsurgical vasovasostomy and vasoepididymostomy: a prospective randomized study in a rat model. J Urol 2004; 171: 1720–1725
Schiff J, Chan P, Li PS, Finkelberg S, Goldstein M. Outcome and late failures compared in 4 techniques of microsurgical vasoepididymostomy in 153 consecutive men. J Urol 2005; 174: 651–655
Schlegel PN, Goldstein M. Micosurgical vasoepididymostomy: refinement and results. J Urol 1993; 150: 1165–1168
Schoor RA, Ross L, Niederberger C. Robotic assisted microsurgical vasal reconstruction in a model system. World J Urol 2003; 21: 48–49
Schultheiss D, Denil J. History of the microscope and development of microsurgery: a revolution for reproductive tract surgery. Andrologia 2002; 34: 234–241
Schwarzer J, Kropp U, Jakse G. Vasovasostomie – Indikation, Technik, Ergebnisse. In: Schwarzer J, Kropp U (Hrsg.) Urologische Mikrochirurgie. Nürnberg: Mc Graw-Hill, 1991; S. 27–34
Schwarzer JU. Mikrochirurgie in der Urologie. Dtsch Ärztebl 1992; 89: 2948–2954
Schwarzer JU, Pickl U, Hofmann R, Hartung R. Mikrochirurgische Therapie der Verschlußazoospermie. Urologe A 1994; 33: 49–52
Schwarzer JU. Refertilisierung nach Vasektomie. Ärztl Praxis 2007; 3: 34–36
Schwarzer JU, Weiß S, Fiedler K, von Hertwig I, Krüsmann G, Würfel W, Schleyer M. Refertilisierung und ICSI bei obstruktiver Azoospermie. J Reproduktionsmed Endokrinol 2010; 7: 408–412
Sharlip I. Absence of fluid during vasectomy reversal has no prognostic significance. J Urol 1996; 155: 365–369
Sheynkin YR, Schulsinger DA. Reconstructive surgery of male infertility: milestones in centennial history. J Urol 2002; 167: Suppl 185–186
Shridharani A, Sandlow JI. Vasectomy reversal versus IVF with sperm retrieval: which is better? Curr Opin Urol 2010; 20: 503–509
Sigman M. The relationship between intravasal sperm quality and patency rates after vasovasostomy. J Urol 2004; 171: 307–309
Silber SJ. Microsurgery in clinical urology. Urology 1975; 6: 150–153
Silber SJ. Microscopic technique for reversal of vasectomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1976; 143: 630–631
Silber SJ. Microscopic vasectomy reversal. Fertil Steril 1977; 28: 1191–1202
Silber SJ. Microscopic vasoepididymostomy: specific microanastomosis to the epididymal tubule. Fertil Steril 1978; 30: 565–571
Silber SJ. Epididymal extravasation following vasectomy as a cause for failure of vasectomy reversal. Fertil Steril 1979; 31: 309–315
Silber SJ. Microsurgery of the male genitalia: non-vascular. In: Silber SJ (ed.) Microsurgery. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1979; p. 307–375
Silber SJ. Reversal of vasectomy and the treatment of male infertility. J Androl 1980; 1: 261–268
Silber SJ. Results of microsurgical vasoepididymostomy: role of epididymis in sperm maturation. Hum Reprod 1989;4:298–303
Silber SJ, Grotjan HE. Microscopic vasectomy reversal 30 years later: a summary of 4.010 cases by the same surgeon. J Androl 2004; 25: 845–859
Singh I, Kaza RCM. A case in favour of one sided microscopic vasovasostomy–the New Dehli experience. Int Urol Nephrol 1996; 28: 27–31
Singh DR, Lo KC, Jarvi KA. Does duration of vasectomy affect the outcome of vasectomy reversal procedures? J Urol 2005; 173: 368 Suppl
Taylor GS, Fuchs EF. During vasectomy reversal surgery, the probability of epididymal bypass rather than vasovasostomy increases as the time from vasectomy lengthens. J Urol 2005; 173: 446, Suppl
Thomas AJ. Persönliche Mitteilung. 1984
Thomas AJ. Vasoepididymostomy. Urol Clin N Am 1987; 14: 527–538
Thomas AJ, Howards SS. Microsurgical treatment of male infertility. In: Lipshultz LI, Howards SS (eds.) Infertility in the male. St.Louis: Mosby, 1997; p. 371–384
Thomas AJ. Vasoepididymostomy. Atlas Urol Clin N Am 1999; 7: 65–90
Wagenknecht LV. Andrologische Urologie. Z Urol Nephrol 1982; 75: 197–203
Wagenknecht LV, Ambulante mikrochirurgische Rekonstruktion der Samenwege. Fertilität 1990; 6: 150–155
Wagenknecht LV. Mikrochirurgie der Samenleiter. Sexualmedizin 1990; 19: 376–382
Wagenknecht LV. Vasovasostomy. In: Colpi GM, Balerna M (Hrsg.) Treating male infertility. Basel: Karger, 1994; p. 165–186
Weiske WH. Strategie und Technik der Tubulovasostomie und der Gewinnung von Nebenhodenspermatozoen. In Schwarzer J, Kropp U (Hrsg.) Urologische Mikrochirurgie. Nürnberg: Mc Graw-Hill, 1991; S. 35–50
Weiske WH. Ergebnisse der mikrochirurgischen Refertilisierung bei unerfülltem Kinderwunsch. Urologe B 1996; 36: 348–351
Weiske WH, Schulze W. Spermatogenese nach Vasektomie. Urologe A 1996; 35: Suppl 1, 63
Weiske WH. Mikrochirurgische Refertilisierung nach Vasektomie: aktueller Stand. J Fertil Reprod 2000; 10: 7–14
Würfel W. Methoden der assistierten Reproduktion bei andrologischen Indikationen. Blickpunkt der Mann 2007; 5: 4–11
Zepnick H, Matz H, Adler D. Ergebnisse nach mikrochirurgischer Epididymovasostomie. Z Urol Nephrol 1985; 78: 105–110
Mc Clure RD. Microsurgical vasal reconstruction: vasovasostpmy. Atlas Urol Clin N Am 1996; 4: 21–40
Literatur zu Abschn. 5.2
Aboseif S, Gomez R, McAninch JW. Genital self mutilation. J Urol 1993; 150: 1143–1146
Babaei AR, Safarinejad MR. Penile replantation, science or myth? A systematic review. Urology J 2007; 4: 62–65
Baumeister RG, Brandl H, Chaussy C, Schilling A. Mikrochirurgische Penisreplantation nach Selbstverstümmelung. Urologe A 1983; 22: 235–237
Bhatt YC, Vyas KA, Srivastava RK, Panse NS. Microneurovascular reimplantation in a case of total penile amputation. Indian J Plast Surg 2008; 41: 206–210
Brennecke HJ, Flietner T. Erfolgreiche Penisreplantation nach Autoemaskulation in suizidaler Absicht. Urologe A 1995; 34: 231–234
Carroll PR, Lue TF, Schmidt RA, Trengrove-Jones G, McAninch JW. Penile replantation: current concepts. J Urol 1985; 133: 281–285
Chou EK, Tai YT, WU CI, Chen HH, Chang SC. Penile replantation, complication management and technique refinement. Microsurgery 2008; 28: 153–156
Cohen BE, May JW, Daly JSF, Young HH. Successful clinical replantation of an amputated penis by microneurovascular repair. Plast Reconstr Surg 1977; 59: 279–283
Darewicz B, Galek L, Darewicz J, Kudelski J, Malczyk E. Successful microsurgical replantation of an amputated penis. Int Urol Nephrol 2001; 33: 385–386
Fuller A, Bolt J, Carney B. Successful microsurgical penile replantation after a workplace injury. Urol Int 2007; 78: 10–12
Gyan S, Sushma S, Maneesh S, Rajesh S, Misra MC. Successful microsurgical penile replantation following self amputation in a schizophrenic patient. Indian J Urol 2010; 26: 434–437
Hamann F, Sabri W, Melchior H. Penisreplantation nach Autoamputation. Z Urol Nephrol 1983; 76: 361–367
Henriksson TG, Hahne B, Hakelius L, Lantto S, Norlen BJ. Microsurgical replantation of an amputated penis. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1980; 14: 111–114
Heymann AD, Bell-Thomson J, Rathod DM, Heller LE. Successful reimplantation of the penis using microvascular techniques. J Urol 1977; 118: 879–880
Landström JT, Schuyler RW, Macris GP. Microsurgical penile replantation facilitated by postoperative HBO treatment. Microsurgery 2004; 24: 49–55
Klippel KF, Rudigier J, Walde HJ, Riedmiller H. Die mikrochirurgische Versorgung einer traumatischen Penisamputation. Akt Urol 1980; 11: 257–262
Kropp W, Ingianni G, Schwarzer JU, Biemer E. Mikrochirurgische Penisreplantation. In: Schwarzer JU, Kropp W (Hrsg.) Urologische Mikrochirurgie. Nürnberg: McGraw-Hill, 1991; S. 89–95
Salem HK, Mostafa T. Primary anastomosis of the traumatically amputated penis. Andrologia 2009; 41: 264–267
Strauch B, Sharzer LA, Petro J, Greenstein B. Replantation of amputated parts of the penis, nose, ear and scalp. Clin Plast Surg 1983; 10: 115–124
Tamai S, Nakamura Y, Motomiya Y. Microsurgical replantation of a completely amputated penis and scrotum: a case report. Plast Reconstr Surg 1977; 60: 287–292
Volkmer BG, Maier S. Successful penile replantation following autoamputation: twice! Int J Impotence Res 2002; 14: 197–198
Wandschneider G, Hellbom B, Pummer K, Primus G. Successful replantation of a totally amputated penis using microvascular techniques. Urol Int 1990; 45: 177–180
Zoelly A, von Wartburg U. Replantationschirurgie am Penis. Helv Chir Acta 1991; 58: 313–318
Zhong-wei, Dong-yue Y, Sheng D. Microsurgery. Heidelberg, Berlin, New York: Springer,1982
Literatur zu Abschn. 5.3
Abolyosr A. Laparoscopic versus open orchiopexy in the management of abdominal testis: a descriptive study. Int J Urol 2006; 13: 1421–1424
Bianchi A. The impalpable testis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1995; 77: 3–6
Boddy SA, Gordon AC, Thomas DFM. Experience with the Fowler Stephens and microvascular procedures in the management of intra-abdominal testes. Brit J Urol 1991; 68: 199–202
Boeckx W, Vereecken R, Depuydt K. Microsurgery for intra-abdominal testicular retention. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1998; 81: 191–196
Bukowski TP, Wacksman J, Billmire DA, Lewis AG, Sheldon CA. Testicular autotransplantation: a 17-year review of an effective approach to the management of the intraabdominal testis. J Urol 1995; 154: 558–561
Bukowski TP, Wacksman J, Billmire DA, Sheldon CA. Testicular autotransplantation for the intra-abdominal testis. Microsurgery 1995; 16: 290–295
Chang B, Palmer LS, Franco I. Laparoscopic orchiopexy: a review of a large clinical series. BJU Int 2001; 87: 490–493
Darewicz J, Kudelski J, Galek L, Darewicz B. Autotransplantation of the testis as a method of cryptorchidism treatment. Helv Chir Acta 1993; 60: 363–366
Denes FT, Saito FJ, Silva FA, Giron AM, Machado M, Srougi M. Laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment of nonpalpable testis. Int Braz J Urol 2008; 34: 329–335
Elyas R, Guerra LA, Pike J, DeCarli C, Betollli M, Bass J, Chou S, Sweeney B, Rubin S, Barrowman N, Moher D, Leonard M. Is staging beneficial for Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy? A systematic review. J Urol 2010; 183: 2012–2018
Fowler R, Stephens FD. The role of testicular vascular anatomy in the salvage of high undescended testes. In: Stephens FD (ed.) Congenital malformations of the rectum, anus and genitourinary tracts. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1963; p. 306–320
Giuliani L, Carmignani G, Belgrano E, Puppo P. Autotransplantation des testicules dans la cryptorchidie abdominale. J Urol Nephrol 1981; 87: 279–282
Hamidinia A. Testicular function after orchiopexy. Urology 1985; 26: 281–28
Harrison CB, Kaplan GW, Scherz HC, Packer MG, Jones J. Microvascular autotransplantation of the intra-abdominal testis. J Urol 1990; 144: 506–507
Hinman F. Unilateral abdominal cryptorchidism. J Urol 1979; 122: 71
Kadowaki H, Yakami T. Basic study of microsurgical orchidopexy for high undescended testis: assessment of clinical applicability. J Pediat Surg 1979; 14: 544–550
Kelley BP, Higuera S, Cisek LJ, Friedman J, Heller L. Combined laparoscopic and microsurgical techniques for testicular autotransplantation: is this still an evolving technique? J Reconstr Microsurg 2010; 26: 555–558
Lintula H, Kokki H, Eskelinen M, Vanamo K. Laparoscopic versus open orchiopexy in children with intra-abdominal testes. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech 2008; 18: 449–456
Martinis FG, Nagler HM. Testicular autotransplantation. Atlas Urol Clin N Am 1996; 4: 95–110
Oesterwitz H, Althaus P, Schönberger B. Testicular autotransplantation for intraperitoneal cryptorchidism in childhood. A case against neglecting the venous anastomosis. Eur Urol 1987; 13: 217–218
Oesterwitz H, Fahlenkamp D. Klinische Hodentransplantation. Übersicht zu Indikationsstellung, Operationstechnnik und Ergebnissen bei der Auto-, Allo- und Isotransplantation. Z Urol Nephrol 1987; 80: 525–532
Oesterwitz H, Fahlenkamp D. Microsurgical technique and results of testicular autotransplantation in children–essential venous anastomosis. Int Urol Nephrol 1993; 25: 587–593
Perovic S, Milanovic D, Parabucki D, Stefanovic M, Kristic Z. Successful autotransplantation of intra-abdominal testes into the scrotum using microvascular techniques. Acta Chir Jugosl 1989; 36: 117–126
Salman FT, Fonkalsrud EW. Effects of spermatic vascular division for correction of high undescended testis on testicular function. Am J Surg 1990; 160: 506–510
Sharlip ID. Testicular revascularization using arterial without venous anastomosis for intraperitoneal cryptorchidism. Urology 1984; 24: 34–36
Shioschwili TJ, Kolobow GW, Battke H. Die Bedeutung der venösen Anastomose bei der Autotransplantation des Hodens. Z Urol Nephrol 1988; 81: 711–713
Silber SJ, Kelly J. Successful autotransplantation of an intra-abdominal testis to the scrotum by microvascular technique. J Urol 1976; 115: 452–454
Silber SJ. The intra-abdominal testes: microvascular autotransplantation. J Urol 1981; 125: 329–333
Tackett LD, Wacksman J, Billmire D, Sheldon CA, Minevich E. The high intra-abdominal testis: technique and long-term success of laparoscopic testicular autotransplantation. J Endourol 2002; 16: 359–361
Trombetta C, Siracusano S, Deriu M, Salisci E, Belgrano E. Bilateral abdominal testicles 2 the adult. Microsurgical and laparoscopic therapy. Minerva Urol Nefrol 1992; 44: 219–223
Wacksman J, Billmire DA, Lewis AG, Sheldon CA. Laparoscopically assisted testicular autotransplantation for management of the intraabdominal undescended testis. J Urol 1996; 156: 772–774
Literatur zu Abschn. 5.4
Ali El-Dein B, Osman Y, Shokeir AA;Shehab El-Dein AB, Sheashaa H, Ghoneim MA. Multiple arteries in live donor renal transplantation: surgical aspects and outcomes. J Urol 2003; 169: 2013–2017
Anson BJ, Richardson GA, Minear WL. Variations in the number and arrangement of the renal vessels; study of the blood supply of 400 kidneys. J Urol 1936; 36: 211–219
Barry JM, Lawson RK, Strong D, Hodges CV. Urologic complications in 173 kidney transplants. J Urol 1974; 112: 567–571
Belzer FO, Kountz SL, Najarian JS, Tanaho EA, Hinman F. Prevention of urological complications after renal allotransplantation. Arch Surg 1970; 101: 449–452
Belzer FO, Schweizer RT, Kountz SL. Management of multiple vessels in renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 1972; 4: 639–644
Benoit G, Hammoudi Y, Moukarzel M, Bellamy J, Bensadoun H, Charpenter D, Fries D. Renal transplant reparative ex vivo surgery: prevention of vascular complications. Clin Transplant 1989; 3: 190–195
Berardinelli L. Best results in living donor transplantation using an aggressive policy in microsurgical bench reconstruction of nonoptimal arterial supply. Transplant Proc 2006; 38: 991–993
Bouchou F, Kamel G, Gelet A, Devonec M, Mougin M, Traeger J, Dubernard JM. Transplantation of kidneys with multiple renal arteries. Transplant Proc 1984; 16: 273–275
Brannen GE, Bush WH, Correa RJ, Gibbons RP, Cunies DM. Microvascular management of multiple renal arteries in transplantation. J Urol 1982; 128: 112–115
Carter JT, Freise CE, McTaggart RA, Mahanty HD, Kang SM, Chan SH, Feng S, Roberts JP, Posselt AM. Laparoscopic procurement of kidneys with multiple renal arteries is associated with increased ureteral complications in the recipient. Am J Transplant 2005; 5: 1312–1318
Chin JL, Stiller CR. Microvascular surgery as an adjunctive tool in renal transplantation. Can J Surg 1986; 29: 263–266
Chin JL. Microvascular reconstructive “bench” surgery for donor kidneys before transplantation: techniques and results. J Urol 1989; 142: 23–27
Chin JL, Yip SK, McFarlane N. Clinical impact of adjunctive donor microvascular reconstruction on renal transplantation. Can J Urol 2003; 10: 1803–1808
Codd JE, Anderson CB, Graff RJ, Gregory JG, Lucas BA, Newton WT. Vascular surgical problems in renal transplantation. Arch Surg 1974; 108: 876–87
De Coppi P, Giuliani S, Fusaro F, Zanetta G, Gamba P, Zanon GF. Cadaver kidney transplantation and vascular anomalies: a pediatric experience. Transplantation 2006; 82: 1042–1045
Dubernard JM. Invited comment: complications of retrieval and preservation. Transplant Proc 1984; 16: 297–299
El-Sherbiny M, Abou-Elela A, Morsy A, Salah M, Foda A. The use of the inferior epigastric artery for accessory lower polar artery revascularization in live donor renal transplantation. Int Urol Nephrol 2008; 40: 283–287
Ferreira MC, DeGomez G, Lucon MA, Tedesco-Marchese A, Campos-Freire G. Microvascular surgery: adjunct to renal transplantation. Urology 19975; 6: 733–738
Gil-Vernet JM, Caralps A, Revert L, Andreu J, Carretero P, Figuls J. Extracorporeal renal surgery – work bench surgery. Urology 1975; 5: 444–449
Gil-Vernet JM. Microscopic surgery in urology. World J Surg 1979; 3: 81–90
Giuliani L, Carmignani G, Belgrano E, Puppo P. Microsurgery in urology. Int Surg 1981; 66: 41–45
Goldman MH, Burleson RL, Tilney NL, Vineyard GC, Wilson RE. Calyceal-cutaneous fistulae in renal transplant patients. Ann Surg 1976; 184: 679–681
Hricko GM, Birtch AG, Bennett AH, Wilson RE. Factor responsible for urinary fistula in the renal transplant recipient. Ann Surg 1973; 178: 609–612
Hwang JK, Kim SD, Park SC, Choi BS, Kim Jl, Yang CW, Kim YS, Moon IS. The long-term outcomes of transplantation of kidneys with multiple arteries. Transplant Proc 2010; 42: 4053–4057
Kok NF, Dols LF, Hunink MG, Alwayn IP, Tran KT, Weimar WE, Ijzermans JN. Complex vascular anatomy in live kidney donation: imaging and consequences for clinical outcome. Transplantation 2008; 85: 1760–1765
Kumar A, Gupta RS, Srivastava A, Bansal P. Sequential anastomosis of accessory renal artery to inferior epigastric artery in the management of multiple arteries in live related renal transplantation: a critical appraisal. Clin Transplant 2001; 15: 131–135
Loughlin KR, Tilney NL, Richie JP. Urologic complications in 718 renal transplant patients. Surgery 1984; 95: 297–302
Makiyama K, Tanabe K, Ishida H, Tokumoto T, Shimmura H, Omoto K, Toma H. Successful renovascular reconstruction for renal allografts with multiple renal arteries. Transplantation 2003; 75: 828–832
Merkel FK, Strauss AK, Andersen O, Bannett AD. Microvascular techniques for polar artery reconstruction in kidney transplants. Surgery 1976; 79: 253–261
Merklin RJ, Michels NA. The variant renal and suprarenal blood supply with data on the inferior phrenic, ureteral and gonadal arteries. J Int Coll Surg 1958; 29: 41–76
Mersa B, Gürkan A, Ozcelik B, Kacar S, Varilsüha C, Turunc V, Bas S, Server S. Anastomosis of accessory arteries via microsurgical technique in renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 2011; 43: 819–821
Novick AC, Magnusson M, Braun WE. Multiple-artery renal transplantation: emphasis on extracorporeal methods donor arterial reconstruction. J Urol 1979; 122: 731–735
Novick AC, Straffon RA. Extracorporeal microvascular arterial reconstruction in donor kidneys prior to transplantation. J Microsurg 1979; 1: 94–100
Novick AC. Use of inferior epigastric artery for extracorporeal microvascular branch renal artery reconstruction. Surgery 1981; 89: 513–517
O’Donoghue EPH, Chisholm GD, Shackman R. Urinary fistula after renal transplantation. Br J Urol 1973; 28: 28–33
Oesterwitz H, Althaus P, May G, Schröder K, Strobelt V, Kaden J. Microvascular surgery in experimental and clinical kidney transplantation. Int Urol Nephrol 1983; 15: 347–357
Oesterwitz H, Althaus P, Scholz D, Mebel M. Experimental and clinical application of microsurgery in kidney transplantation. Acta Urol Belg 1983; 51: 385–393
Oesterwitz H, Müller JHA, Schröder K. Mikrochirurgische extrakorporale Nierenarterienrekonstruktion. Experimentelle Untersuchungen am Nierenautotransplantationsmodell beim Hund. Z Exper Chirurg 1984; 17: 209–215
Oesterwitz H, Strobelt V, Scholz D, Mebel M. Extracorporeal microsurgical repair of injured multiple donor kidney arteries prior to cadaveric allotransplantation. Eur Urol 1985; 11: 100–105
Oesterwitz H, Strobelt V, Blank W, Müller P. Methoden der extrakorporalen Nierenarterienrekonstruktion bei der Leichennierenallotransplantation unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Mikrochirurgie. Z Urol Nephrol 1985; 78: 433–445
Oesterwitz H, Strobelt V, Müller P. Repair of injured donor kidney arteries. Eurotransplant Newsletter 1991; 86: 10–11
Peck JW, Anson BJ. The renal vascular pedicle: an anatomical study of 430 body halves. J Urol 1940; 44: 411–431
Ploeg RJ, van Schilfgaarde R, Felthuis W, Persijn G, Cohen B. Incidence of surgical lesions in cadaveric donor kidneys. Transplant Proc 1984; 16: 120–121
Ploeg RJ, van Schilfgaarde R, Felthuis W, Persijn G, Cohen B. Incidence of surgical lesions in cadaveric donor kidneys in relation to graft survival. Transplant Proc 1984; 16: 267–269
Rosenthal JT, Denny D, Hakala TR. Results from a single kidney procurement center. J Urol 1983; 129: 1111–1113
Salaman JR, Clarke AG, Crosby DL. The management of kidney transplants damaged during their removal from the donor. Br J Urol 1974; 46: 173–177
Salvatierra O, Kountz SL, Belzer FO. Prevention of ureteral fistula after renal transplantation. J Urol 1974; 112: 445–448
Terpstra JL, Dicke WH. Eurotransplant Manual. Leiden 1980
Troppmann C, Wiesmann K, McVicar JP, Wolfe BM, Perez RV. Increased transplantation of kidneys with multiple renal arteries in the laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy era: surgical technique and surgical and nonsurgical donor and recipient outcomes. Arch Surg 2001; 136: 897–907
Tzakis AG, Mazzaferro V, Pan CE, Gordon RD, Todo S, Makowka L, Starzl TE. Renal artery reconstruction for harvesting injuries in kidney transplantation with particular reference to the use of vascular allografts. Transpant Int 1988; 1: 80–85
Van Cangh PJ, Alexandre GPJ. Ex vivo surgery on the renal allograft. Eur Urol 1975; 1: 111–113
Vegeto A, Berardinelli L, Beretta C, Militano l. Outcome of renal grafts with multiple or damaged vessels. Proc Eur Dial Transpant Ass 1982; 19: 477–481
Vineyard GC, Tilney NL. An effective technique for management of transplant kidneys with polar branches. Arch Surg 1976; 111: 1407–1408
Wolters HH, Schult M, Heidenreich S, Chariat M, Senninger N, Dietl KH. The anastomosis between renal polar arteries and arteria epigastrica inferior in kidney transplantation: an option to decrease the risk of ureter necrosis? Transpl Int 2001; 14: 442–444
Woodruff MFA, Nolan B, Robson J, MacDonald MK. Renal transplantation in man. Experience with 35 cases. Lancet 1969: I: 6–9
Yussim A, Shapira Z, Shmueli D, Serradio C. Vascular problems and their management in retrieval of donor kidneys. Transplant Proc 1984; 16: 290–291
Literatur zu Abschn. 5.5
Benoit L, Spie R, Favoulet P, Cheynel N, Kretz B, Gouy S, Dubruille T, Fraisse J, Cuisenier J. Management of ureteral injuries. Ann Chir 2005; 130: 451–457
Carlton CE, Scott R, Guthrie AG. The initial management of ureteral injuries. J Urol 1971; 105: 335–339
Desai MM, Desai MR, Gill IS. Endopyeloplasty versus endopyelotomy versus laparoscopic pyeloplasty for primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Urology 2004; 64: 16–21
Gil-Vernet JM. Microscopic surgery in urology. World J Surg 1979; 3: 81–86
Hyams ES, Mufarrij PW, Stifelman MD. Robotic renal and upper tract reconstruction. Curr Opin Urol 2008; 18: 557–563
Jentsch H, Oesterwitz H, Wille A. Laparoskopische Harnleiterrekonstruktion nach iatrogener Verletzung. 5. Nordkongress Urologie, Rostock, Mai 2011
Kosse KH, Suarez EL, Fagan WT, Powell PR, Jacobson JH. Microsurgery in ureteral reconstruction. J Urol 1962; 87: 48–50
Kramer W, Jonas D. Die Mikrochirurgie des Nierenbeckens. Urologe A 1984; 23: 254–257
Leveillee RJ, Williams SK. Role of robotics for ureteral pelvic junction obstruction and ureteral pathology. Curr Opin Urol 2009; 19: 81–88
Mufarrij PW, Shah OD, Berger AD, Stifelman MD. Robotic reconstruction of the upper urinary tract. J Urol 2007; 178: 2002–2005
Oesterwitz H, Bick C, Müller P, Hengst E. Anwendung der Mikrochchirurgie bei der operativen Behandlung primärer Harnstauungsnieren. Z Urol Nephrol 1985; 78: 481–487
Oesterwitz H, Bick C, Müller P, Hengst E, Seeger W. Management of ureteropelvic junction obstruction using a microsurgical technique. Eur Urol 1987; 13: 412–414
Oesterwitz H, Bick C, Müller P, Hengst E. Reconstructive microsurgery of the upper urinary tract. Int Urol Nephrol 1988; 20: 453–459
Oesterwitz H, Metz L, Weber H. Microsurgical end-to-end anastomosis in ureteral injuries. Eur Urol 1988; 14: 251–252
Ponig BF. Microsurgical uretero-ureterostomy in ureteral injuries. J Urol 1982; 128: 594–595
Roth DR, Gonzales ET. Management of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in infants. J Urol 1983; 129: 108–111
Literatur zu Abschn. 5.6
Allon M, Lok CE. Dialysis fistula or graft: the role for randomized clinical trials. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010: 5: 2348–2354
Althaus P, Schönberger B, Stimmel F, Hansen C. Subkutane arteriovenöse Anastomosen zur Hämodialyse. Dtsch Gesundheitswesen 1979; 34: 139–142
Bourquelot P, Cussenot O, Corbi P. Microsurgical creation and follow-up of arteriovenous fistulae for chronic hemodialysis in children. Pediatr Nephrol 1990; 4: 156–159
Bourquelot P. Vascular access in children in children: the importance of microsurgery for creation of autologous arteriovenous fistulae. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2006; 32: 696–700
Brescia MJ, Cimino JE, Appel K, Hurwich BJ. Chronic hemodialysis using venipuncture and a surgically created arterio-venous fistula. N Eng J Med 1966; 275: 1089–1092
Brittinger WD. Gefäßzugänge bei Dialysepatienten. Dialyse Journal 1984; 9: 1–12
Ethier J, Mendelssohn DC, Elder SJ, Hasegawa T, Akizawa T, Canaud BJ, Pisoni RL. Vascular access use and outcomes: an international perspective from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23: 3219–3226
Fan PY, Schwab SJ. Vascular access: concepts for the 1990s. J Am Soc Nephrol 1992; 3: 1–11
Gallieni M, Saxena R, Davidson I. Dialysis access in Europe and North America: are we on the same path? Semin Intervent Radiol 2009; 26: 96–105
Haimov M, Baez A, Neff M, Slifkin R. Complications of arterivenous fistulas for hemodialysis. Arch Surg 1975; 110: 708–71
Jennings WC. Creating arteriovenous fistulas in 132 consecutive patients. Arch Surg 2006; 141: 27–32
Keller F, Loewe HJ, Bauknecht KJ, Schwarz A, Offermann G. Kumulative Funktionsraten von orthotopen Dialysefisteln und Interponaten. Dtsch Med Wschr 1988; 113: 332–336
Kemkes BM. Gefäßersatz in der Dialyse-Shunt-Chirurgie. Dialyse Journal 1984; 9: 16–20
Nazzal HM, Neglen P, Naseem J, Christenson JT, Al-Hassan K. The brachiocephalic fistula: a successful secondary vascular access procedure. Vasa 1990; 19: 326–329
Oesterwitz H, Link W, Schott H, Bischoff J. 10 Jahre Gefäßanschlüsse zur Hämodialyse im Klinikum Potsdam. Akt Urol 1993; 24: 77–79
Oesterwitz H, Schott H, Bischoff J. Vascular access for hemodialysis–role of the urologist. Int Urol Nephrol 1995; 27: 117–120
Oesterwitz H, Schott H, Bischoff J, Dietze B. Gefäßanschlüsse zur Hämodialyse. Beitrag der Urologie zum Aufschwung Ost in der Nierenersatztherapie. Urologe B 1996; 36: 108–112
Sanabia J, Polo JR, Morales MD, Canals MJ, Polo J, Serantes A. Microsurgery in gaining pediatric vascular access for hemodialysis. Microsurgery 1993; 14: 276–279
Saran R, Elder SJ, Goodkin DA. Enhanced training in vascular access creation predicts arteriovenous fistula placement and patency in hemodialysis patients: results from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study. Kidney Int 2003; 63: 885–891
Scholz H, Naundorf M, Wolff W, Precht K, Röseler BD, Schulze B, Nieter G, Matthes G. Einflüsse auf die Funktionsdauer arterio-venöser Gefäßschlüsse für die Hämodialyse. Z Urol Nephrol 1988; 81: 629–633
Widera R, Achenbach H, Hausmann F. Die arterio-venöse Fistel in der Tabatiere–der Primärshunt zur chronischen Hämodialyse. Z Urol Nephrol 1988; 81: 107–110
Windus DW. Permanent vascular access: a nephrologist’s view. Am J Kidney Dis 1993; 21: 457–471
Zibari GB, Rohr MS, Landreneau LD, Bridges GA, De Vault FH, Petty KJ, Costley ST, Brown JC. Complications from permanent hemodialysis vascular access. Surgery 1988; 104: 681–686
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Oesterwitz, H., Ghods, M., Geomelas, M. (2014). Rekonstruktive Mikrochirurgie in der Urologie. In: Praktische Mikrochirurgie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41313-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41313-1_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-41312-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-41313-1
eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)