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Not Just Signal Shutoff: The Protective Role of Arrestin-1 in Rod Cells

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Arrestins - Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potential

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 219))

Abstract

The retinal rod cell is an exquisitely sensitive single-photon detector that primarily functions in dim light (e.g., moonlight). However, rod cells must routinely survive light intensities more than a billion times greater (e.g., bright daylight). One serious challenge to rod cell survival in daylight is the massive amount of all-trans-retinal that is released by Meta II, the light-activated form of the photoreceptor rhodopsin. All-trans-retinal is toxic, and its condensation products have been implicated in disease. Our recent work has developed the concept that rod arrestin (arrestin-1), which terminates Meta II signaling, has an additional role in protecting rod cells from the consequences of bright light by limiting free all-trans-retinal. In this chapter we will elaborate upon the molecular mechanisms by which arrestin-1 serves as both a single-photon response quencher as well as an instrument of rod cell survival in bright light. This discussion will take place within the framework of three distinct functional modules of vision: signal transduction, the retinoid cycle, and protein translocation.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The difference might be strain-related (Lamb and Pugh 2004), as the first study utilized one inbred albino strain and the second various pigmented strains.

  2. 2.

    Based on the measured off-rate of ~0.01 s−1 for the arrestin-bound Meta II-P complex at physiological temperatures (Sommer et al. 2005).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik (CC2), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany

    Martha E. Sommer, Klaus Peter Hofmann & Martin Heck

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  1. Martha E. Sommer
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  2. Klaus Peter Hofmann
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  3. Martin Heck
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Correspondence to Martha E. Sommer .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Professor of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

    Vsevolod V. Gurevich

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Sommer, M.E., Hofmann, K.P., Heck, M. (2014). Not Just Signal Shutoff: The Protective Role of Arrestin-1 in Rod Cells. In: Gurevich, V. (eds) Arrestins - Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potential. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 219. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41199-1_5

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