Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optimization of AC Electric Power Systems of Offshore Wind Farms

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Wind Power Systems

Part of the book series: Energy Systems ((ENERGY))

Abstract

Onshore wind energy has experienced a rapid growth in recent years due mainly to the maturity achieved by its technology and the institutional support for renewable energy. Offshore wind energy also faces a very promising future as an extensive development of offshore wind farm (OWF) projects is planned in many regions of the world. The electric power system is a prominent part of an OWF since its design exceedingly affects the cost structure and operation of the entire facility. Thus the electric power system of an OWF must be optimized in order to minimize the life-cycle cost, while maintaining an adequate level of technical performance. The optimization of the electric power system of an OWF poses a complex mathematical problem since it requires considering jointly the key aspects that characterize its design: system component costs, system efficiency and system reliability. This problem may be addressed satisfactorily by using optimization models based on classical and metaheuristic optimization approaches.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Fichaux N, Wilkes J, Van Hulle F, Cronin A (2009) Oceans of opportunity. European Wind Energy Association. http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/publications/reports/Offshore_Report_2009.pdf. Accessed 12 Dec 2009

  2. Krohn S, Awerbuch S, Morthorst PE, Blanco I, Van Hulle F, Kjaer C (2009) The economics of wind energy. European Wind Energy Association. http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/publications/reports/Economics_of_Wind_Main_Report_FINAL-lr.pdf. Accessed 12 Dec 2009

  3. Lundberg S (2006) Evaluation of wind farm layouts. EPE J 16:14–20

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bresesti P, Kling WL, Hendriks RL, Vailati R (2007) HVDC connection of offshore wind farms to the transmission system. IEEE Trans Energy Convers. doi:10.1109/TEC.2006.889624

    Google Scholar 

  5. Robinson J, Jovcic D, Joós G (2010) Analysis and design of an offshore wind farm using MV DC grid. IEEE Transactions on Power Del. doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2010.2053390

  6. Meyer C, Höing M, Peterson A, De Doncker RW (2007) Control and design of DC grids for offshore wind farms. IEEE Transactions on Ind. Appl. doi: 10.1109/TIA.2007.908182

  7. Roggenkamp MM, Hendriks RL, Ummels BC, Kling WL (2010) Market and regulatory as-pects of trans-national offshore electricity networks for wind power interconnection. Wind Energ. doi: 10.1002/we.378

  8. Pechey J, Taylor P, Dixon R, Lawson M, Dinning A (2004) The role of medium voltage electrical system design in risk management for offshore wind farms. Wind Eng. doi:10.1260/0309524043028154

    Google Scholar 

  9. Franken B, Breder H, Dahlgren M, Nielsen EK (2005) Collection grid topologies for off-shore wind parks. In: The 18th international conference and exhibition on electricity distribution. Turin, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  10. Quinonez-Varela G, Ault GW, Anaya-Lara O, McDonald JR (2007) Electrical collector system options for large offshore wind farms. IET Renew Power Gener. doi:10.1049/iet-rpg:20060017

    Google Scholar 

  11. Lee MQ, Lu CN, Huang HS (2009) Reliability and cost analyses of electricity collection systems of a marine current farm—a Taiwanese case study. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2009.01.011

    Google Scholar 

  12. Liu X, Islam S (2008) Reliability issues of offshore wind farm topology. In: The 10th international conference on probabilistic methods applied to power systems. Rincon, Puerto Rico

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ullah NR, Larsson A, Petersson A, Karlsson D (2008) Detailed modeling for large scale wind power installations—a real project case study. In: Third international conference on electric utility deregulation and restructuring and power technologies. Nanjing, China

    Google Scholar 

  14. Kling WL, Hendriks RL, Den Boon JH (2008) Advanced transmission solutions for offshore wind farms. In: IEEE power and energy society general meeting. Pittsburgh, USA

    Google Scholar 

  15. Walling RA, Ruddy T (2005) Economic optimization of offshore windfarm substations and collection systems. In: Fifth international workshop on large-scale integration of wind power and transmission networks for offshore wind farms. Glasgow, Scotland

    Google Scholar 

  16. Holmstrom O, Negra NB (2007) Survey of reliability of large offshore wind farms. Part 1: Reliability of state-of-the-art wind farms. Project upwind. http://www.upwind.eu/Shared%20Documents/WP9%20-%20Publications/D9.1%20-%20Survey%20of%20reliability.pdf. Accessed 12 Dec 2009

  17. Negra NB, Holmstrom O, Bak-Jensen B, Sorensen P (2007) Aspects of relevance in offshore wind farm reliability assessment. IEEE Trans Energy Convers. doi:10.1109/TEC.2006.889610

    Google Scholar 

  18. Sannino A, Breder H, Nielsen EK (2006) Reliability of collection grids for large offshore wind parks. In: Ninth international conference on probabilistic methods applied to power systems. Stockholm, Sweden

    Google Scholar 

  19. Billinton R, Allan RN (1992) Reliability evaluation of engineering systems. Plenum Press, New York

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Castro-Sayas F, Allan RN (1996) Generation availability assessment of wind farms. IEE Proc Gener Transm Distrib. doi:10.1049/ip-gtd:19960488

  21. Leite AP, Borges CLT, Falcao DM (2006) Probabilistic wind farms generation model for reliability studies applied to Brazilian sites. IEEE Trans Power Syst. doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2006.881160

    Google Scholar 

  22. Billinton R, Chen H, Ghajar R (1996) A sequential simulation technique for adequacy evaluation of generating systems including wind energy. IEEE Trans Energy Convers. doi:10.1109/60.556371

    Google Scholar 

  23. Karki R, Hu P, Billinton R (2006) A simplified wind power generation model for reliability evaluation. IEEE Trans Energy Convers. doi:10.1109/TEC.2006.874233

    Google Scholar 

  24. Hopewell PD, Castro-Sayas F, Bailey DI (2006) Optimising the design of offshore wind farm collection networks. In: 41st international universities power engineering conference. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

    Google Scholar 

  25. Li DD, He C, Fu Y (2008) Optimization of internal electric connection system of large offshore wind farm with hybrid genetic and immune algorithm. In: Third international conference on electric utility deregulation and restructuring and power technologies. Nanjing, China

    Google Scholar 

  26. Zhao M, Chen Z, Hjerrild J (2006) Analysis of the behaviour of genetic algorithm applied in optimization of electrical system design for offshore wind farms. In: 32nd annual conference on IEEE industrial electronics. Paris, France

    Google Scholar 

  27. Zhao M, Chen Z, Blaabjerg F (2009) Optimisation of electrical system for offshore wind farms via genetic algorithm. IET Renew Power Gener. doi:10.1049/iet-rpg:20070112

    Google Scholar 

  28. Banzo M, Ramos A (2011) Stochastic optimization model for electric power system planning of offshore wind farms. IEEE Transactions on Power Syst. doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2075944

  29. Córdoba M (2006) Fundaments and practice of financial mathematics. Dykinson, Madrid

    Google Scholar 

  30. Brooke A, Kendrick D, Meeraus A, Raman R, Rosenthal RE (2008) GAMS—a user’s guide. GAMS Development Corporation, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  31. BOWind. http://www.bowind.co.uk/

  32. ABB: XLPE submarine cable systems, Attachment to XLPE cable systems—user’s guide. Available E-mail: sehvc@se.abb.com

    Google Scholar 

  33. General Cable Corporation: Tables on conductors (in Spanish). http://www.generalcable.es/Productos/AyudasTécnicas/tabid/378/Default.aspx. Accessed 12 Dec 2009

  34. Green J, Bowen A, Fingersh LJ, Wan Y (2007) Electrical collection and transmission systems for offshore wind power. In: Offshore technology conference. Houston, USA

    Google Scholar 

  35. Lazaridis LP (2005) Economic comparison of HVAC and HVDC solutions for large offshore wind farms under special consideration of reliability. Master’s Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.166.4595&rep=rep1&type=pdf. Accessed 12 Dec 2009

  36. Bozelie J, Pierik JTG, Bauer P, Pavlovsky M (2002) Dowec grid failure and availability calculation. http://www.ecn.nl/docs/dowec/10077_001.pdf. Accessed 12 Dec 2009

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain

    Andres Ramos

  2. Iberdrola Ingenieria y Construccion S.A.U, Madrid, Spain

    Marcos Banzo

Authors
  1. Marcos Banzo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Andres Ramos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andres Ramos .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

    Panos M. Pardalos

  2. Division of Economics and Business Engineering Hall, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA

    Steffen Rebennack

  3. Centro Empresarial Rio Praia de Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Mario V. F. Pereira

  4. EnerCoRD - Energy Consulting, Research & Development, Athens, Greece

    Niko A. Iliadis

  5. Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

    Vijay Pappu

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Banzo, M., Ramos, A. (2013). Optimization of AC Electric Power Systems of Offshore Wind Farms. In: Pardalos, P., Rebennack, S., Pereira, M., Iliadis, N., Pappu, V. (eds) Handbook of Wind Power Systems. Energy Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41080-2_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41080-2_22

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-41079-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-41080-2

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation