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Inorganic Polyphosphates: Biologically Active Biopolymers for Biomedical Applications

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Biomedical Inorganic Polymers

Part of the book series: Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology ((PMSB,volume 54))

Abstract

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a widely occurring but only rarely investigated biopolymer which exists in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Only in the last few years, this polymer has been identified to cause morphogenetic activity on cells involved in human bone formation. The calcium complex of polyP was found to display a dual effect on bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Exposure of these cells to polyP (Ca2+ complex) elicits the expression of cytokines that promote the mineralization process by osteoblasts and suppress the differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells to the functionally active mature osteoclasts dissolving bone minerals. The effect of polyP on bone formation is associated with an increased release of the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), a key mediator that activates the anabolic processes leading to bone formation. In addition, polyP has been shown to act as a hemostatic regulator that displays various effects on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis and might play an important role in platelet-dependent proinflammatory and procoagulant disorders.

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Acknowledgments

W.E.G.M. is a holder of an ERC Advanced Investigator Grant (no. 268476 BIOSILICA) as well as of an ERC Proof-of-Concept grant (no. 324564). This work was supported by grants from the European Commission (large-scale integrating project no. 311848, BlueGenics; project no. FP7-KBBE-2010-4-266033, SPECIAL; project no. PIRSES-GA-2009-246987, European-Chinese Research Staff Exchange Cluster MarBioTec*EU-CN*), the German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung – International Bureau (no. CHN 09/1AP, German-Chinese Joint Lab on Bio-Nano-Composites), the Public Welfare Project of Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China (grant no. 201011005-06), and the International S & T Cooperation Program of China (grant no. 2008DFA00980).

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  1. ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany

    Xiaohong Wang, Heinz C. Schröder, Ute Schloßmacher & Werner E. G. Müller

  2. NanotecMARIN GmbH, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany

    Heinz C. Schröder & Werner E. G. Müller

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    Werner E. G. Müller

  2. ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

    Xiaohong Wang

  3. ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

    Heinz C. Schröder

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Wang, X., Schröder, H.C., Schloßmacher, U., Müller, W.E.G. (2013). Inorganic Polyphosphates: Biologically Active Biopolymers for Biomedical Applications. In: Müller, W., Wang, X., Schröder, H. (eds) Biomedical Inorganic Polymers. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology, vol 54. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41004-8_10

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