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Transposable Elements and Their Activities in Y. lipolytica

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Yarrowia lipolytica

Part of the book series: Microbiology Monographs ((MICROMONO,volume 24))

Abstract

Y. lipolytica harbors an unusually diverse set of transposable elements among Saccharomycotina yeasts. Among them, members of both the families of transposons, retrotransposons as well as DNA transposons, are represented. Two of the LTR retrotransposons, Ylt1 and Tyl6, are members of the Ty3/gypsy group but have some uncommon features. Ylt1 is the largest hitherto detected fungal retrotransposon and is, in contrast to the other transposons, present in a high copy number of about 35 copies/haploid genome. Its proteins are encoded by a single ORF expressed under certain conditions resulting in transposition. Tyl6 is the only one retrotransposon among Saccharomycotina yeasts which displays a program −1 ribosomal frameshifting. The LINE-like element Ylli is also unique among Saccharomycotina yeasts and forms with the C. albicans counterparts Zorro 1,2,3 a new family. It belongs to the L1 clade, which also contains the human LINEs. Like these element, the large majority of the Ylli copies are 5′ truncated, the characteristics of Ylli being that its copies are very short. The detected DNA transposon Mutator of Y. lipolytica (Mutyl) shares some similarities with several MULE elements found mainly in plants and in fungi. It is the first described DNA transposon in Saccharomycotina yeasts and like many of its counterparts, it may have invaded its host through horizontal transfer.

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Abbreviations

LINE:

Long interspersed elements

LTR:

Long terminal repeat

RT:

Reverse transcriptase

SINE:

Short interspersed elements

TIR:

Terminal inverted repeats

TSD:

Target site duplication

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Acknowledgments

S.C. thanks Christophe Ozanne for sharing unpublished results and the members of the Genolevures consortium for discussion.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CIRM-Levures, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France

    Serge Casaregola

  2. Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany

    Gerold Barth

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  1. Serge Casaregola
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  2. Gerold Barth
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Correspondence to Serge Casaregola .

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  1. Inst. Mikrobiologie, TU Dresden, Mommsenstr. 13, Dresden, 01062, Sachsen, Germany

    Gerold Barth

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Casaregola, S., Barth, G. (2013). Transposable Elements and Their Activities in Y. lipolytica . In: Barth, G. (eds) Yarrowia lipolytica. Microbiology Monographs, vol 24. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38320-5_3

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