Abstract
Concepts basic to the sustainable development of biodiversity hotspot areas are introduced and assessed. The Brundtland definition of sustainable development does not prescribe any specific type of sustainable development. However, it requires a focus on basic human needs, on environmental justice, and on an actual integration of ecological, economic, and social considerations. Most usefully, sustainable development is regarded as a regulative idea guiding the discourse on conservation and development options. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Ecosystem Approach and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets provide some additional guidance as to how this concept should be applied. For the project area, two examples are given of the type of information that science should provide for the participative decision-making processes envisioned by the spirit and guidelines of the CBD. The first example addresses road construction impacts on the expansion of pastures and the loss of habitat of the Andean bear. The second example deals with trade-offs between forest conservation and poverty alleviation effectuated by differing Payment for Ecosystem Services schemes.
Frank v. Walter died in March 2012. Although he could not directly contribute to writing this chapter, it does, nevertheless, include some of his contributions to Research Unit RU 816.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank our field assistants, respondents and interview partners for support and sharing their knowledge with us. Furthermore, we gratefully acknowledge financial support for co-author B. Maza by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), and final publishing support by the editorial team and by P. Ziegler.
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Barkmann, J., Eichhorn, S., Maza, B., Walter, F.v., Olschewski, R. (2013). The Challenges of Sustainable Development in the Podocarpus-El Cóndor Biosphere Reserve. In: Bendix, J., et al. Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity and Environmental Change in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of South Ecuador. Ecological Studies, vol 221. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38137-9_3
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