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Experimental Techniques

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The Chemistry of Superheavy Elements

Abstract

The chemical investigation of single short-lived atoms of transactinide elements requires the development of unique techniques that encompass synthesis, rapid transport, chemical isolation, and detection of the radioactive decay. Each step presents its challenges and has to be optimized in order to reach the single atom sensitivity. Another issue is the safe and long-term stable operation of such setups. Several techniques were successful in studying the chemical properties of transactinide elements in the liquid phase as well as in the gas phase. Since only single atoms are studied, chromatographic systems are preferred which ensure repeated interactions or repeated phase transitions. Some of the developed systems work continuously where as others perform batch-wise separations. Recently, the coupling of chemical systems to on-line kinematic recoil separators was accomplished taking advantage of the fact, that the product beam is separated from the intense primary projectile beam of the accelerator. Thus, more fragile compounds such as metal–organic transactinide compounds should become available for study.

K. E. Gregorich was author for the first edition of this chapter only.

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Türler, A., Gregorich, K.E. (2014). Experimental Techniques. In: Schädel, M., Shaughnessy, D. (eds) The Chemistry of Superheavy Elements. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37466-1_5

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