Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Alias Control for Deterministic Parallelism

  • Chapter
Aliasing in Object-Oriented Programming. Types, Analysis and Verification

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 7850))

Abstract

A parallel program is deterministic if it produces the same output on every execution with a given input, regardless of the parallel schedule chosen. Determinism makes parallel programs much easier to write, understand, debug, and maintain. Further, many parallel programs are intended to be deterministic. Therefore a deterministic programming model (i.e., one in which all programs that pass compile-time checking are guaranteed to run deterministically) is attractive. However, aliasing poses difficulties for such a model, because hidden read-write conflicts through shared memory can cause unwanted nondeterminism and even data races. This article surveys the state of the art in program annotations for controlling aliasing in a way that can support a deterministic parallel programming model. It discusses the following techniques: the Deterministic Parallel Java effect system; other effect systems, including systems based on object ownership; permission-based type systems; and annotations based on program logic.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Lee, E.A.: The problem with threads. IEEE Computer 39, 33–42 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bocchino, R., Adve, V., Adve, S., Snir, M.: Parallel programming must be deterministic by default. In: HotPar (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Loidl, H.W., Rubio, F., Scaife, N., Hammond, K., Horiguchi, S., Klusik, U., Loogen, R., Michaelson, G.J., Pena, R., Priebe, S., Rebón, A.J., Trinder, P.W.: Comparing parallel functional languages: Programming and performance. Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation 16(3), 203–251 (2003)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Sridharan, M., Chandra, S., Dolby, J., Fink, S.J., Yahav, E.: Alias Analysis for Object-Oriented Programs. In: Clarke, D., Noble, J., Wrigstad, T. (eds.) Aliasing in Object-Oriented Programming. LNCS, vol. 7850, pp. 196–232. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kennedy, K., Allen, J.R.: Optimizing Compilers for Modern Architectures: A Dependence-Based Approach. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Raza, M., Calcagno, C., Gardner, P.: Automatic Parallelization with Separation Logic. In: Castagna, G. (ed.) ESOP 2009. LNCS, vol. 5502, pp. 348–362. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Devietti, J., Lucia, B., Ceze, L., Oskin, M.: DMP: Deterministic shared memory multiprocessing. In: International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, ASPLOS (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Olszewski, M., Ansel, J., Amarasinghe, S.: Kendo: Efficient deterministic multithreading in software. In: International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, ASPLOS (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Burckhardt, S., Baldassin, A., Leijen, D.: Concurrent programming with revisions and isolation types. In: ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Aviram, A., Weng, S.C., Hu, S., Ford, B.: Efficient system-enforced deterministic parallelism. In: USENIX Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation, OSDI (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Prabhu, M.K., Olukotun, K.: Using thread-level speculation to simplify manual parallelization. In: ACM Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming, PPOPP (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Berger, E.D., Yang, T., Liu, T., Novark, G.: Grace: Safe multithreaded programming for C/C++. In: ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Rinard, M.C., Lam, M.S.: The design, implementation, and evaluation of Jade. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS) 20(3), 483–545 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Allen, M.D., Sridharan, S., Sohi, G.S.: Serialization sets: A dynamic dependence-based parallel execution model. In: ACM Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming, PPOPP (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bocchino, Jr., R.L., Adve, V.S., Dig, D., Adve, S.V., Heumann, S., Komuravelli, R., Overbey, J., Simmons, P., Sung, H., Vakilian, M.: A type and effect system for deterministic parallel Java. In: ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Stork, S., Marques, P., Aldrich, J.: Concurrency by default: Using permissions to express dataflow in stateful programs. In: Onward (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Karmani, R.K., Madhusudan, P., Moore, B.M.: Thread contracts for safe parallelism. In: ACM Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming, PPOPP (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  18. http://dpj.cs.uiuc.edu

  19. Kim, D., Rinard, M.C.: Verification of semantic commutativity conditions and inverse operations on linked data structures. In: ACM Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, PLDI (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bocchino Jr., R.L.: An effect system and language for deterministic-by-default parallel programming. PhD thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bocchino, Jr., R.L., Heumann, S., Honarmand, N., Adve, S.V., Adve, V.S., Welc, A., Shpeisman, T.: Safe nondeterminism in a deterministic-by-default parallel language. In: ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, POPL (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Bocchino Jr., R.L., Adve, V.S.: Types, Regions, and Effects for Safe Programming with Object-Oriented Parallel Frameworks. In: Mezini, M. (ed.) ECOOP 2011. LNCS, vol. 6813, pp. 306–332. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  23. Lucassen, J.M., Gifford, D.K.: Polymorphic effect systems. In: ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, POPL (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Hammel, R.T., Gifford, D.K.: FX-87 performance measurements: Dataflow implementation. Technical Report MIT/LCS/TR-421 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Gifford, D.K., Jouvelot, P., Sheldon, M.A., O’Toole, J.W.: Report on the FX-91 programming language. Technical Report MIT/LCS/TR-531 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Leino, K.R.M.: Data groups: Specifying the modification of extended state. In: ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Greenhouse, A., Boyland, J.: An Object-Oriented Effects System. In: Guerraoui, R. (ed.) ECOOP 1999. LNCS, vol. 1628, pp. 205–229. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  28. Greenhouse, A., Scherlis, W.L.: Assuring and evolving concurrent programs: annotations and policy. In: IEEE Computing in Science and Engineering (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Leino, K.R.M., Poetzsch-Heffter, A., Zhou, Y.: Using data groups to specify and check side effects. In: ACM Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, PLDI (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Clarke, D.G., Potter, J.M., Noble, J.: Ownership types for flexible alias protection. In: ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Clarke, D., Östlund, J., Sergey, I., Wrigstad, T.: Ownership Types: A Survey. In: Clarke, D., Noble, J., Wrigstad, T. (eds.) Aliasing in Object-Oriented Programming. LNCS, vol. 7850, pp. 15–58. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Clarke, D., Drossopoulou, S.: Ownership, encapsulation and the disjointness of type and effect. In: ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Smith, M.: Towards an effects system for ownership domains. In: European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, ECOOP (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Noble, J., Vitek, J., Potter, J.: Flexible Alias Protection. In: Jul, E. (ed.) ECOOP 1998. LNCS, vol. 1445, pp. 158–185. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  35. Clarke, D., Wrigstad, T.: External Uniqueness is Unique Enough. In: Cardelli, L. (ed.) ECOOP 2003. LNCS, vol. 2743, pp. 176–201. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  36. Leino, K.R.M., Müller, P.: Object Invariants in Dynamic Contexts. In: Odersky, M. (ed.) ECOOP 2004. LNCS, vol. 3086, pp. 491–515. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  37. Dietl, W., Müller, P.: Universes: Lightweight ownership for JML. Journal of Object Technology (JOT) 4(8), 5–32 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Lu, Y., Potter, J.: Protecting representation with effect encapsulation. In: ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, POPL (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Cameron, N.R., Drossopoulou, S., Noble, J., Smith, M.J.: Multiple ownership. In: ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Dietl, W., Müller, P.: Object Ownership in Program Verification. In: Clarke, D., Noble, J., Wrigstad, T. (eds.) Aliasing in Object-Oriented Programming. LNCS, vol. 7850, pp. 289–318. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Aldrich, J.: Ownership Domains: Separating Aliasing Policy from Mechanism. In: Odersky, M. (ed.) ECOOP 2004. LNCS, vol. 3086, pp. 1–25. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  42. Wrigstad, T.: External uniqueness. PhD thesis, Stockholm University/KTH, Stockholm, Sweden (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Tofte, M., Talpin, J.P.: Region-based memory management. Information and Computation 132(2), 109–176 (1997)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  44. Boyapati, C., Lee, R., Rinard, M.: Ownership types for safe programming: Preventing data races and deadlocks. In: ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Abadi, M., Flanagan, C., Freund, S.N.: Types for safe locking: Static race detection for Java. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS) 28(2) (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Jacobs, B., Piessens, F., Smans, J., Leino, K.R.M., Schulte, W.: A programming model for concurrent object-oriented programs. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS) 31(1) (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Hogg, J.: Islands: Aliasing protection in object-oriented languages. In: ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Boyapati, C., Rinard, M.: A parameterized type system for race-free Java programs. In: ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Hicks, M., Morrisett, G., Grossman, D., Jim, T.: Experience with safe manual memory-management in Cyclone. In: International Symposium on Memory Management, ISMM (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Wolff, R., Garcia, R., Tanter, É., Aldrich, J.: Gradual Typestate. In: Mezini, M. (ed.) ECOOP 2011. LNCS, vol. 6813, pp. 459–483. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  51. Haller, P., Odersky, M.: Capabilities for Uniqueness and Borrowing. In: D’Hondt, T. (ed.) ECOOP 2010. LNCS, vol. 6183, pp. 354–378. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  52. Harms, D., Weide, B.: Copying and swapping: Influences on the design of reusable software components. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 17, 424–435 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Smith, F., Walker, D., Morrisett, G.: Alias Types. In: Smolka, G. (ed.) ESOP/ETAPS 2000. LNCS, vol. 1782, pp. 366–381. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  54. DeLine, R., Fähndrich, M.: Enforcing high-level protocols in low-level software. In: ACM Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, PLDI (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Fähndrich, M., DeLine, R.: Adoption and focus: Practical linear types for imperative programming. In: ACM Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, PLDI (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Walker, D., Morrisett, G.: Alias Types for Recursive Data Structures. In: Harper, R. (ed.) TIC 2000. LNCS, vol. 2071, pp. 177–206. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  57. Barnett, M., DeLine, R., Fähndrich, M., Leino, K.R.M., Schulte, W.: Verification of object-oriented programs with invariants. Journal of Object Technology (JOT) 3 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Naden, K., Bocchino, R., Aldrich, J., Bierhoff, K.: A type system for borrowing permissions. In: ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, POPL (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  59. Westbrook, E., Zhao, J., Budimlić, Z., Sarkar, V.: Practical Permissions for Race-Free Parallelism. In: Noble, J. (ed.) ECOOP 2012. LNCS, vol. 7313, pp. 614–639. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  60. Boyland, J.: Alias burying: Unique variables without destructive reads. Software: Practice and Experience 31(6), 533–553 (2001)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  61. Bierhoff, K.: Automated program verification made SYMPLAR: Symbolic permissions for lightweight automated reasoning. In: Onward (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  62. Boyland, J.: Fractional Permissions. In: Clarke, D., Noble, J., Wrigstad, T. (eds.) Aliasing in Object-Oriented Programming. LNCS, vol. 7850, pp. 270–288. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Boyland, J.: Checking Interference with Fractional Permissions. In: Cousot, R. (ed.) SAS 2003. LNCS, vol. 2694, pp. 55–72. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  64. Terauchi, T., Aiken, A.: A capability calculus for concurrency and determinism. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS) 30(5), 1–30 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Bierhoff, K., Aldrich, J.: Modular typestate checking of aliased objects. In: ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  66. Heule, S., Leino, K.R.M., Müller, P., Summers, A.J.: Fractional permissions without the fractions. In: Workshop on Formal Techniques for Java-Like Programs, FTfJP (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  67. Smans, J., Jacobs, B., Piessens, F.: VeriFast for Java: A Tutorial. In: Clarke, D., Noble, J., Wrigstad, T. (eds.) Aliasing in Object-Oriented Programming. LNCS, vol. 7850, pp. 407–442. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  68. Müller, P., Rudich, A.: Ownership transfer in universe types. In: ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  69. http://www.cs.cmu.edu/aldrich/plaid/

  70. Nikhil, R.S.: ID version 90.0 reference manual. Technical report, MIT (July 1990)

    Google Scholar 

  71. Feo, J.T., Cann, D.C., Oldehoeft, R.R.: A report on the Sisal language project. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing 10(4), 349–366 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Vakilian, M., Dig, D., Bocchino, R., Overbey, J., Adve, V., Johnson, R.: Inferring method effect summaries for nested heap regions. In: International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, ASE (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  73. Gotsman, A., Berdine, J., Cook, B., Sagiv, M.: Thread-modular shape analysis. In: ACM Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, PLDI (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  74. O’Hearn, P.W.: Resources, concurrency, and local reasoning. Theoretical Computer Science (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  75. Jacobs, B., Smans, J., Philippaerts, P., Vogels, F., Penninckx, W., Piessens, F.: VeriFast: A Powerful, Sound, Predictable, Fast Verifier for C and Java. In: Bobaru, M., Havelund, K., Holzmann, G.J., Joshi, R. (eds.) NFM 2011. LNCS, vol. 6617, pp. 41–55. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  76. Berdine, J., Calcagno, C., O’Hearn, P.W.: Smallfoot: Modular Automatic Assertion Checking with Separation Logic. In: de Boer, F.S., Bonsangue, M.M., Graf, S., de Roever, W.-P. (eds.) FMCO 2005. LNCS, vol. 4111, pp. 115–137. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  77. Distefano, D., Parkinson, M.J.: jStar: Towards practical verification for Java. In: ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  78. Reynolds, J.C.: Separation logic: A logic for shared mutable data structures. In: IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  79. Hoare, C.A.R.: An axiomatic basis for computer programming. Communications of the ACM 12(10), 576–580 (1969)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  80. Bornat, R., Calcagno, C., O’Hearn, P., Parkinson, M.: Permission accounting in separation logic. In: ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, POPL (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  81. Dinsdale-Young, T., Dodds, M., Gardner, P., Parkinson, M.J., Vafeiadis, V.: Concurrent Abstract Predicates. In: D’Hondt, T. (ed.) ECOOP 2010. LNCS, vol. 6183, pp. 504–528. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  82. Dodds, M., Jagannathan, S., Parkinson, M.J.: Modular reasoning for deterministic parallelism. In: ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, POPL (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  83. Kassios, I.T.: Dynamic Frames: Support for Framing, Dependencies and Sharing Without Restrictions. In: Misra, J., Nipkow, T., Sekerinski, E. (eds.) FM 2006. LNCS, vol. 4085, pp. 268–283. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  84. Smans, J., Jacobs, B., Piessens, F.: Implicit Dynamic Frames: Combining Dynamic Frames and Separation Logic. In: Drossopoulou, S. (ed.) ECOOP 2009. LNCS, vol. 5653, pp. 148–172. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  85. Leino, K.R.M., Müller, P.: A Basis for Verifying Multi-threaded Programs. In: Castagna, G. (ed.) ESOP 2009. LNCS, vol. 5502, pp. 378–393. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  86. de Moura, L., Bjørner, N.S.: Z3: An Efficient SMT Solver. In: Ramakrishnan, C.R., Rehof, J. (eds.) TACAS 2008. LNCS, vol. 4963, pp. 337–340. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  87. Banerjee, A., Naumann, D.A., Rosenberg, S.: Regional Logic for Local Reasoning about Global Invariants. In: Vitek, J. (ed.) ECOOP 2008. LNCS, vol. 5142, pp. 387–411. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  88. Banerjee, A., Barnett, M., Naumann, D.A.: Boogie Meets Regions: A Verification Experience Report. In: Shankar, N., Woodcock, J. (eds.) VSTTE 2008. LNCS, vol. 5295, pp. 177–191. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  89. Kawaguchi, M., Rondon, P., Bakst, A., Jhala, R.: Deterministic parallelism via liquid effects. In: ACM Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, PLDI (2012)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Carnegie Mellon University, USA

    Robert L. Bocchino Jr.

Authors
  1. Robert L. Bocchino Jr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200A, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium

    Dave Clarke

  2. School of Engineering and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Cottn Building, Gate 6, Kelburn Parade, 6140, Wellington, New Zealand

    James Noble

  3. Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 2, 75237, Uppsala, Sweden

    Tobias Wrigstad

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bocchino, R.L. (2013). Alias Control for Deterministic Parallelism. In: Clarke, D., Noble, J., Wrigstad, T. (eds) Aliasing in Object-Oriented Programming. Types, Analysis and Verification. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7850. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36946-9_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36946-9_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-36945-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-36946-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation