Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Compliance with Normative Systems

  • Conference paper
AI Approaches to the Complexity of Legal Systems. Models and Ethical Challenges for Legal Systems, Legal Language and Legal Ontologies, Argumentation and Software Agents (AICOL 2011)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 7639))

  • 2136 Accesses

Abstract

I will argue that the cognitive attitudes and operations involved in compliance with normative systems are usually different from those involved in complying with isolated social norms. While isolated norms must be stored in the memory of the agents endorsing them, this does not happen with regard to large normative systems. In the latter case, the agent adopts a general policy-based intention to comply with the normative system as a whole, an intention that provides an abstract motivation for specific acts of compliance, once the agent has established that these acts are obligatory according the system. I will show how the endorsement of such a policy can be based on different individual attitudes, ranging from self-interest to altruistic, social or moral motivations. Finally, I will analyse how a normative system may both constrain powers and extend them, relying on this abstract motivation of its addressees.

Parts of this paper have been published in In Paglieri, F., Tummolini, L., Falcone, R., and Miceli, M., editors, The Goals of Cognition. Essays in Honor of Cristiano Castelfranchi. College Publications, London.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alchourrón, C.E.: Logic of norms and logic of normative propositions. Logique et Analyse 12, 242–268 (1969)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Alchourrón, C.E., Bulygin, E.: Normative Systems. Springer, Vienna (1971)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Andrighetto, G., Campenni, M., Conte, R., Paolucci, M.: On the immergence of norms: A normative agent architecture. In: Proceedings of AAAI Symposium, Social and Organizational Aspects of Intelligence (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron, M., Pettit, P., Slote, M.: Three Methods of Ethics: A Debate. Blackwell, London (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bénabou, R., Tirole, J.: Incentives and prosocial behavior. American Economic Review 96, 1652–1678 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bicchieri, C.: Social norms. In: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • Boella, G., van der Torre, L.: A Logical Architecture of a Normative System. In: Goble, L., Meyer, J.-J.C. (eds.) DEON 2006. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4048, pp. 24–35. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bratman, M.E.: Intentions, Plans and Practical Reasoning. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bratman, M.E.: Intention and personal policies. Philosophyical Perspectives 3, 443–469 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bratman, M.E.: Shared cooperative activity. Philosophical Review 101, 327–341 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castelfranchi, C.: The micro-macro constitution of power. ProtoSociology 18-19, 208–265 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Castelfranchi, C., Paglieri, F.: The role of beliefs in goal dynamics: Prolegomena to a constructive theory of intention. Synthese 155, 237–263 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Conte, R., Castelfranchi, C.: Cognitive and Social Action. University College of London Press, London (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Conte, R., Castelfranchi, C.: From conventions to prescriptions. towards a unified theory of norms. Artificial intelligence and Law 7, 323–340 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conte, R., Castelfranchi, C.: The mental path of norms. Ratio Juris 19, 501–517 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Føllesdal, D., Hilpinen, R.: Deontic logic: An introduction. In: Hilpinen, R. (ed.) Deontic Logic: Introductory and Systematic Reading. Reidel, Dordrecht (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelati, J., Governatori, G., Rotolo, A., Sartor, G.: Actions, institutions, powers: Preliminary notes. In: Lindemann, G., Moldt, D., Paolucci, M., Yu, B. (eds.) International Workshop on Regulated Agent-Based Social Systems: Theories and Applications (RASTA 2002), pp. 131–147. Fachbereich Informatik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg (2002a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelati, J., Governatori, G., Rotolo, A., Sartor, G.: Declarative power, representation, and mandate: A formal analysis. In: Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (JURIX), pp. 41–52. IOS, Amsterdam (2002b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Governatori, G., Padmanabhan, V., Rotolo, A., Sattar, A.: A defeasible logic for modelling policy-based intentions and motivational attitudes. Logic Journal of IGPL 17, 36–69 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Governatori, G., Palmirani, M., Rotolo, A., Riveret, R., Sartor, G.: Norm modifications in defeasible logic. In: Proceedings of Jurix 2006, pp. 13–22. IOS, Amsterdam (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Governatori, G., Rotolo, A., Riveret, R., Palmirani, M., Sartor, G.: Variants of temporal defeasible logics for modelling norm modifications. In: Proceedings of Eleventh International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, pp. 155–159. ACM, New York (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossi, D., Meyer, J.-J.C., Dignum, F.: The many faces of counts-as: A formal analysis of constitutive rules. Journal of Applied Logic 6, 192–217 (2008)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Hage, J.C.: A model of juridical acts: Part 1: The world of law. Artificial Intelligence and Law 19, 23–48 (2011a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hage, J.C.: A model of juridical acts: Part 2: The operation of juridical acts. Artificial Intelligence and Law 19, 49–73 (2011b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, H.L.A.: The Concept of Law, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez Marín, R., Sartor, G.: Time and norms: A formalisation in the event-calculus. In: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL), pp. 90–100. ACM, New York (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, O.W.: The path of the law. Harvard Law Review 10, 457–478 (1897)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horty, J.F.: Agency and Deontic Logic. Oxford University Press (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, A.J., Sergot, M.J.: A formal characterisation of institutionalised power. Journal of the IGPL 4, 429–445 (1996)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Jori, M.: Del diritto inesistente. ETS, Pisa (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelsen, H.: The Pure Theory of Law. University of California Press, Berkeley (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mill, J.S.: Utilitarianism. In: Gray, J. (ed.) On Liberty and Other Essays, pp. 131–201. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1991); (1st edn. 1861)

    Google Scholar 

  • Olivecrona, K.: Law as Fact, 2nd edn. Stevens, London (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pattaro, E.: The Law and the Right, a Reappraisal of the Reality that Ought to be. Treatise of legal Philosophy and General Jurisprudence, vol. 1. Springer, Berlin (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pattaro, E.: From hägerstom to ross and hart. Ratio Juris 22, 532–548 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pettit, P.: The consequentialist perspective. In: Three Methods of Ethics: A Debate, pp. 92–174. Blackwell, London (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollock, J.L.: Cognitive Carpentry: A Blueprint for How to Build a Person. MIT, New York (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pörn, I.: Action Theory and Social Science: Some Formal Models. Reidel, Dordrecht (1977)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Prakken, H.: An abstract framework for argumentation with structured arguments. Argument and Computation 1, 93–124 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prakken, H., Sartor, G.: Argument-based extended logic programming with defeasible priorities. Journal of Applied Non-classical Logics 7, 25–75 (1997)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Prakken, H., Sartor, G.: The three faces of defeasibility in the law. Ratio Juris 17, 118–139 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sartor, G.: Legal Reasoning: A Cognitive Approach to the Law. Treatise on Legal Philosophy and General Jurisprudence, vol. 5. Springer, Berlin (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sartor, G.: Fundamental legal concepts: A formal and teleological characterisation. Artificial Intelligence and Law 21, 101–142 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sartor, G.: Legality policies and theories of legality: From Bananas to Radbruch’s formula. Ratio Juris 22, 218–243 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sartor, G.: Defeasibility in legal reasoning. In: Ferrer, J. (ed.) Essays in Legal Defeasibility. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2011) (forthcoming)

    Google Scholar 

  • Searle, J.R.: The Construction of Social Reality. Free., New York (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sergot, M.J.: A computational theory of normative positions. ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 2, 581–662 (2001)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, S.J.: Law, plans and practical reasoning. Legal Theory 8, 387–441 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siena, A., Mylopoulos, J., Perini, A., Susi, A.: Designing Law-Compliant Software Requirements. In: Laender, A.H.F., Castano, S., Dayal, U., Casati, F., de Oliveira, J.P.M. (eds.) ER 2009. LNCS, vol. 5829, pp. 472–486. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Simon, H.A.: Reason in Human Affairs. Stanford University Press, Stanford (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Spaak, T.: Naturalism in scandinavian and american realism: Similarities and differences. In: Dahlberg (ed.) De Lege, Uppsala-Minnesota Colloquium: Law, Culture and Values, pp. 33–83. Iustus, Uppsala (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tummolini, L., Castelfranchi, C.: The cognitive and behavioral mediation of institutions: Towards an account of institutional actions. Cognitive Systems Research 7, 307–332 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshino, H.: The systematization of legal metainference. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference of Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL). ACM, New York (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshino, H.: On the logical foundations of compound predicate formulae for legal knowledge representation. Artificial Intelligence and Law 5, 77–96 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Law Faculty-CIRSFID, University of Bologna, Italy

    Giovanni Sartor

  2. Institute of Florence, European University, Italy

    Giovanni Sartor

Authors
  1. Giovanni Sartor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Bologna, Italy

    Monica Palmirani

  2. Torino Law School, University of Torino, via s. Ottavio 20, 10124, Torino, Italy

    Ugo Pagallo

  3. Institute of Law and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain

    Pompeu Casanovas

  4. European University Institute and CIRSFID, via Zamboni 33, 40126, Bologna, Italy

    Giovanni Sartor

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Sartor, G. (2012). Compliance with Normative Systems. In: Palmirani, M., Pagallo, U., Casanovas, P., Sartor, G. (eds) AI Approaches to the Complexity of Legal Systems. Models and Ethical Challenges for Legal Systems, Legal Language and Legal Ontologies, Argumentation and Software Agents. AICOL 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 7639. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35731-2_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35731-2_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-35730-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-35731-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation