Skip to main content

Abstract

This paper shows how the nowadays prevalent technology used in HTR borrows concepts and methods from the field of ASR; i.e. those based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Additionally, it will be described a HTR approach based on employing Bernoulli distributions rather than Gaussian-Mixture distributions for the HMM-state emission probability of observations. Finally, handwritten text recognition evaluation results are reported for several corpora involving different characteristics and languages.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Likforman-Sulem, L., Zahour, A., Taconet, B.: Text line segmentation of historical documents: a survey. International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition 9, 123–138 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Wong, K.Y., Wahl, F.M.: Document analysis system. IBM Journal of Research and Development 26, 647–656 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Jelinek, F.: Statistical methods for speech recognition. MIT Press (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Katz, S.M.: Estimation of probabilities from sparse data for the language model component of a speech recognizer. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 1987), vol. ASSP-35, pp. 400–401(March 1987)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kneser, R., Ney, H.: Improved backing-off for n-gram language modeling. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 1, pp. 181–184 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bazzi, I., Schwartz, R., Makhoul, J.: An omnifont open-vocabulary OCR system for English and Arabic. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 21(6), 495–504 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Toselli, A.H., Juan, A., Keysers, D., González, J., Salvador, I., Ney, H., Vidal, E., Casacuberta, F.: Integrated handwriting recognition and interpretation using finite-state models. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 18(4), 519–539 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Rabiner, L., Juang, B.H.: Fundamentals of speech recognition. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Giménez, A., Juan, A.: Embedded bernoulli mixture hmms for handwritten word recognition. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 896–900. IEEE Computer Society (July 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Toselli, A., Juan, A., Vidal, E.: Spontaneous handwriting recognition and classification. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2004), Cambridge, United Kingdom, vol. 1, pp. 433–436 (August 2004)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Marti, U.V., Bunke, H.: The IAM-database: an English sentence database for off-line handwriting recognition. International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR) 5(1), 39–46 (2002)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Romero, V., Toselli, A.H., Rodríguez, L., Vidal, E.: Computer Assisted Transcription for Ancient Text Images. In: Kamel, M.S., Campilho, A. (eds.) ICIAR 2007. LNCS, vol. 4633, pp. 1182–1193. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Pérez, D., Tarazón, L., Serrano, N., Castro, F.M., Ramos-Terrades, O., Juan, A.: The germana database. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 301–305. IEEE Computer Society (July 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Serrano, N., Juan, A.: The rodrigo database. In: Proceedings of the The Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2010), Malta, May 19-21 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Pechwitz, M., Maddouri, S.S., Magn̈er, V., Ellouze, N., Amiri, H.: IFN/ENIT-database of handwritten Arabic words. In: Proc. of the Colloque International Francophone sur l’Ecrit et le Document (CIFED), Hammmamet, Tunisia (October 2002)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Toselli, A.H., Serrano, N., Giménez-Pastor, A., Khoury, I., Juan, A., Vidal, E. (2012). Language Technology for Handwritten Text Recognition. In: Torre Toledano, D., et al. Advances in Speech and Language Technologies for Iberian Languages. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 328. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35292-8_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35292-8_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-35291-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-35292-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics