Abstract
Conflict is a defining feature of human relations. It would be naïve, if not irresponsible, to think that antagonistic interactions among individuals, groups, and nations can ever be eliminated or marginalized, no matter how much we learn about the root causes of such interactions. A realistic goal is to understand the fundamental dynamics that promote and sustain destructive conflict generally, and the special blend of dynamical properties that transform a small proportion of conflicts into a protracted state of hostile relations that destroys the fabric of interpersonal, intergroup, and international life. The book thus far has identified key dynamical principles underlying the progression toward intractable conflict, with an emphasis on conflicts observed throughout history and that are all too prevalent today. This understanding, in turn, provides the basis for divining means of disrupting the feedback loops that sustain protracted conflicts, so that such conflicts can be transformed into benign or even positive social relations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alba, R. D., & Nee, V. (2005). Remaking the American mainstream: Assimilation and contemporary immigration. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Archer, J. (2006). Testosterone and human aggression: An evaluation of the challenge hypothesis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 30, 319–345.
Barabasi, A. (2001). Linked. New York, NY: Penguin.
Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998). Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1252–1265.
Baumeister, R. F., Heatherton, T. F., & Tice, D. M. (1994). Losing control: How and why people fail at self-regulation. San Diego: Academic.
Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Tice, D. M. (2007). The strength model of self-control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 351–355.
Berry, J. S. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 46, 5–34.
Brewer, M. B. (1979). In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 307–324.
Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. (1998). Intergroup relations. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 554–594). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2009). Connected: The surprising power of our social networks and how they shape our lives. New York, NY: Little, Brown and Company.
Coleman, P. T. (2000). Fostering ripeness in seemingly intractable conflict: An experimental study. International Journal of Conflict Management, 11, 300–317.
Dabs, J. M., Jr., & Morris, R. (1990). Testosterone, social class, and antisocial behavior in a sample of 4462 men. Psychological Science, 1, 209–211.
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1988). Homicide. New York, NY: Aldine deGruyter.
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1994). Evolutionary psychology of male violence. In J. Archer (Ed.), Male violence (pp. 253–288). New York, NY: Routledge.
Ellis, L. (1986). Evidence of neuroandrogenic etiology of sex roles form a combined analysis of human, non-human primate and nonprimate mammalian studies. Personality and Individual Differences, 7, 519–552.
Gailliot, M. T., Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Maner, J. K., Plant, E. A., Tice, D. M., et al. (2007). Self-control relies on glucose as a limited energy source: Willpower is more than a metaphor. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 325–336.
Gleick, P. H. (1993). Water and conflict: Fresh water resources and international security. International Security, 18, 79–112.
Kelso, J. A. S. (1995). Dynamic patterns: The self-organization of brain and behavior. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Latane’, B., & Nowak, A. (1994). Attitudes as catastrophes: from dimensions to categories with increasing involvement. In R. R. Vallacher & A. Nowak (Eds.), Dynamical systems in social psychology (pp. 219–249). San Diego: Academic.
Mazur, A., & Booth, A. (1998). Testosterone and dominance in men [target article and commentaries]. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 21, 353–397.
Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Peake, P. K. (1988). The nature of adolescent competencies predicted by preschool delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 687–696.
Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Rodriguez, M. L. (1989). Delay of gratification in children. Science, 244, 933–938.
Monaghan, E., & Glickman, S. (1992). Hormones and aggressiveness behavior. In J. Becker, S. Breedlove, & D. Crews (Eds.), Behavioral endocrinology (pp. 261–285). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Nowak, A., & Vallacher, R. R. (1998). Dynamical social psychology. New York, NY: Guilford.
Pinker, S. (2011). The better angels of our nature: Why violence has declined. New York, NY: Penguin.
Pruitt, D. G. (1997). Ripeness theory and the Oslo talks. International Negotiation, 2(2), 237–250.
Roccas, S., & Brewer, M. B. (2002). Social identity complexity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 88–106.
Ruelle, D. (1989). Elements of differentiable dynamics and bifurcation theory. New York, NY: Academic.
Sherif, M., Harvey, O. J., White, J., Hood, W., & Sherif, C. W. (1961). Intergroup conflict and cooperation: The robber’s cave experiment. Norman: Institute of Intergroup Relations, University of Oklahoma.
Tajfel, H. (1982). Social identity and intergroup relations. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Tice, D. M., Bratslavsky, E., & Baumeister, R. F. (2001). Emotional distress regulation takes precedence over impulse control: If you feel bad, do it! Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 53–67.
Vallacher, R. R., Coleman, P. T., Nowak, A., & Bui-Wrzosinska, L. (2010). Rethinking intractable conflict: The perspective of dynamical systems. American Psychologist, 65, 262–278.
Vallacher, R. R., & Wegner, D. M. (2012). Action identification theory. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (pp. 327–348). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Varshnay, W. (2002). Ethnic conflict and civic life. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Vohs, K. D., Baumeister, R. F., & Ciarocco, N. (2005). Self-regulation and self-presentation: Regulatory resource depletion impairs impression management and effortful self-presentation depletes regulatory resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 632–657.
Vohs, K. D., & Heatherton, T. F. (2000). Self-regulatory failure: A resource-depletion approach. Psychological Science, 11, 249–254.
Zartman, I. W. (2000). Ripeness: The hurting stalemate and beyond. In P. C. Stern & D. Druckman (Eds.), International conflict resolution after the Cold War (pp. 225–250). Washington, DC: The National Academy of Sciences.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vallacher, R.R. et al. (2013). Epilogue: Conflict in the Twenty First Century. In: Attracted to Conflict: Dynamic Foundations of Destructive Social Relations. Peace Psychology Book Series. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35280-5_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35280-5_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-35279-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-35280-5
eBook Packages: Behavioral ScienceBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)