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TowardsWeb-Scale Collaborative Knowledge Extraction

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The People’s Web Meets NLP

Abstract

While the Web of Data, the Web of Documents and Natural Language Processing are well researched individual fields, approaches to combine all three are fragmented and not yet well aligned. This chapter analyzes current efforts in collaborative knowledge extraction to uncover connection points between the three fields. The special focus is on three prominent RDF data sets (DBpedia, LinkedGeoData and Wiktionary2RDF), which allow users to influence the knowledge extraction process by adding another crowd-sourced layer on top. The recently published NLP Interchange Format (NIF) provides a way to annotate textual resources on the Web through the assignment of URIs with fragment identifiers. We will show how this formalism can easily be extended to encompass new annotation layers and vocabularies.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    http://dig.csail.mit.edu/breadcrumbs/node/215

  2. 2.

    http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/lodcloud/state/

  3. 3.

    http://www.zemanta.com/

  4. 4.

    http://www.opencalais.com/

  5. 5.

    http://www.ontos.com/

  6. 6.

    http://enrycher.ijs.si/

  7. 7.

    http://extractiv.com/

  8. 8.

    http://www.alchemyapi.com/

  9. 9.

    http://aksw.org/Projects/FOX

  10. 10.

    http://dbpedia.org

  11. 11.

    http://mappings.dbpedia.org/

  12. 12.

    http://linkedgeodata.org

  13. 13.

    More data sets can be explored here: http://thedatahub.org/tag/published-by-third-party

  14. 14.

    http://www.anc.org/OANC/

  15. 15.

    http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/#open

  16. 16.

    http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/lodcloud/state/#license

  17. 17.

    http://opendefinition.org/

  18. 18.

    http://factforge.net or http://lod.openlinksw.com provide SPARQL interfaces to query billions of aggregated facts.

  19. 19.

    http://swoogle.umbc.edu

  20. 20.

    http://sindice.com

  21. 21.

    http://mappings.dbpedia.org

  22. 22.

    http://mappings.dbpedia.org

  23. 23.

    For DBpedia Live see http://live.dbpedia.org/

  24. 24.

    http://wiki.dbpedia.org/Lexicalizations

  25. 25.

    http://openstreetmap.org

  26. 26.

    http://s23.org/wikistats/wiktionaries_html.php

  27. 27.

    See http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/semantic for a simple example page

  28. 28.

    http://wiktionary.dbpedia.org/

  29. 29.

    http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Markup_spec

  30. 30.

    http://dumps.wikimedia.org/backup-index.html

  31. 31.

    http://wiki.dbpedia.org/Documentation

  32. 32.

    http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:senseid

  33. 33.

    http://stats.wikimedia.org/wiktionary/EN/TablesWikipediaEN.htm

  34. 34.

    http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License

  35. 35.

    http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:GNU_Free_Documentation_License

  36. 36.

    http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:Wikimedia_Growth

  37. 37.

    http://stats.wikimedia.org/wiktionary/EN/TablesWikipediaEN.htm

  38. 38.

    For English see http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:ELE

  39. 39.

    http://downloads.dbpedia.org/wiktionary

  40. 40.

    for example http://wiktionary.dbpedia.org/resource/dog

  41. 41.

    http://wiktionary.dbpedia.org/fct

  42. 42.

    http://wiktionary.dbpedia.org/sparql

  43. 43.

    Note that with ‘/’ the identifier is sent to the server during a request (e.g. Linked Data), while everything after ‘#’ can only be processed by the client.

  44. 44.

    http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/#Norm_Forms

  45. 45.

    http://unicode.org/faq/char_combmark.html#7

  46. 46.

    for the resolution of prefixes, we refer the reader to http://prefix.cc

  47. 47.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-mt-20040210/#urisandlit

  48. 48.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-mt-20040210/#intro

  49. 49.

    http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-comments/2002JanMar/0127.html

  50. 50.

    http://purl.org/olia

  51. 51.

    http://purl.org/olia/penn.owl

  52. 52.

    http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/amalgam/tagsets/upenn.html

  53. 53.

    http://sourceforge.net/projects/olia/

  54. 54.

    http://www.w3.org/International/multilingualweb/lt/

  55. 55.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-its20-20120829/

  56. 56.

    http://stanbol.apache.org

  57. 57.

    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1737

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank our colleagues from AKSW research group and the LOD2 project for their helpful comments during the development of NIF. Especially, we would like to thank Christian Chiarcos for his support while using OLiA and Jonas Brekle for his work on Wiktionary2RDF. This work was partially supported by a grant from the European Union’s 7th Framework Programme provided for the project LOD2 (GA no. 257943).

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  1. AKSW, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

    Sebastian Hellmann & Sören Auer

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  1. Sebastian Hellmann
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Correspondence to Sebastian Hellmann or Sören Auer .

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  1. Department of Computer Science Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing (UKP) Lab, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

    Iryna Gurevych  & Jungi Kim  & 

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Hellmann, S., Auer, S. (2013). TowardsWeb-Scale Collaborative Knowledge Extraction. In: Gurevych, I., Kim, J. (eds) The People’s Web Meets NLP. Theory and Applications of Natural Language Processing. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35085-6_11

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