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Probing Surfaces with Thermal He Atoms: Scattering and Microscopy with a Soft Touch

  • Chapter
Surface Science Techniques

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Surface Sciences ((SSSUR,volume 51))

Abstract

Helium atom scattering (HAS) is a well established technique, particularly suited for the investigation of insulating and/or fragile materials and light adsorbates including hydrogen. In contrast to other beam techniques based on X-rays or electrons, low energy (typically less than 100 meV) He atoms are scattered by the tail of the electron density distribution which spill out from a surface, therefore HAS is strictly a non-penetrating technique without any sample damage. HAS has been used to investigate structural properties of crystalline surfaces, including precise determination of atomic step heights, for monitoring thin film growth, to study surface transitions such as surface melting and roughening and for determining the presence and properties of adsorbates. Energy resolved HAS can provide information about surface vibrations (phonons) in the meV range and surface diffusion. This chapter provides a brief introduction to HAS with an outlook on a new, promising surface science technique: Neutral Helium Microscopy.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    A symbol in boldface indicates a vector, whose surface component is written with the capital symbol.

  2. 2.

    A value S=1000 was measured for a pulsed He source working up to 136 bars at room temperature with a nozzle of 0.125 mm diameter [234].

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Giorgio Benedek, Maurizio Canepa, and Luca Floreano for fruitful discussions during the preparation of the chapter and to Anna Franchini for useful suggestions. One of the author (G.B.) acknowledges Michelsen Centre for Industrial Measurement Science and Technology (Bergen) for a generous support.

The Helium Scattering Apparatus MAGIE, now at the University of Bergen was originally constructed at the Max Planck Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Göttingen in the group of J. P. Toennies. Bergen Research Foundation Recruitment Program with founder Trond Mohn, is gratefully acknowledge for making it possible to start up a helium scattering laboratory in Bergen. Work on Neutral Helium Microscopy presented here was supported by the European Union Project INA—Imaging with Neutral Atoms.

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  1. Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allegaten 55, 5007, Bergen, Norway

    Bodil Holst

  2. Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genoa, Italy

    Gianangelo Bracco

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    Gianangelo Bracco

  2. , Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allegaten 55, Bergen, 5007, Svalbard

    Bodil Holst

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Holst, B., Bracco, G. (2013). Probing Surfaces with Thermal He Atoms: Scattering and Microscopy with a Soft Touch. In: Bracco, G., Holst, B. (eds) Surface Science Techniques. Springer Series in Surface Sciences, vol 51. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34243-1_12

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