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Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Using Metal Hyperaccumulator Plants

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Fungi as Bioremediators

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 32))

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Abstract

Pollution due to heavy metals is a global environmental problem that has resulted from mining, industrial, agricultural and military practices (Nriagu and Pacyna. Nature 333(6169):134–139, 1988). Soil and water contamination by heavy metals is widespread in different parts of the world. Most of the pollutants accumulate in the food chain and threaten human health (Krämer. Curr Opin Biotechnol 16(2):133–141, 2005). A great interest has developed recently in the use of terrestrial plants as a green technology for the remediation of contaminated soils with toxic heavy metals, which may help to reduce or even reverse these pollution problems (Pence et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:4956–4960, 2000). This developed a new specialised field of environmental biotechnology, termed phytoremediation, which uses plants to extract heavy metals from the soil and to concentrate them in the harvestable shoot tissue (Salt et al. Biotechnology (N Y) 13:468–474, 1995).

Hyperaccumulator plant species has great potential in bioremediation of heavy metals. Hyperaccumulator species, can accumulate heavy metals in their shoots or roots till several thousands compared to the non-accumulator plants (Reeves and Brooks. J Geochem Explor 18:275–283, 1983; McGrath et al. The potential for the use of metal-accumulating plants for the in situ decontamination of metal-polluted soils. In: Eijsackers, Hamers (eds) Integrated soil and sediment research: a basis for proper protection. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 673–677, 1993) and 2,700 μg Cd g−1 dw (Lombi et al. New Phytol 145:11–20, 2000). These species may play a major role in phytoremediation in the contaminated sites. Further improvement of these plants through genetic engineering would help in developing cost-effective and efficient bioremediation as a green technology.

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  1. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology (AIMT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sangita Talukdar & Soniya Bhardwaj

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  1. Sangita Talukdar
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  2. Soniya Bhardwaj
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Correspondence to Sangita Talukdar .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agriculture, Dept. of Plant Pathology, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, Tehran, 14115, Iran

    Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh

  2. Faculty of Agriculture, Dep Plant Protection, Urmia University, no street, Urmia, 165, Iran

    Younes Rezaee Danesh

  3. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, E-3 Block, Sector 125, Noida, 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

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Talukdar, S., Bhardwaj, S. (2013). Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Using Metal Hyperaccumulator Plants. In: Goltapeh, E., Danesh, Y., Varma, A. (eds) Fungi as Bioremediators. Soil Biology, vol 32. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33811-3_21

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