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The Hippocampal-VTA Loop: The Role of Novelty and Motivation in Controlling the Entry of Information into Long-Term Memory

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Intrinsically Motivated Learning in Natural and Artificial Systems

Abstract

The role of dopamine has been strongly implicated in reward processes, but recent work shows an additional role as a signal that promotes the stable incorporation of novel information into long-term hippocampal memory. Indeed, dopamine neurons, in addition to being activated by reward, can be activated by novelty in the absence of reward. The computation of novelty is thought to occur in the hippocampus and is carried to the dopamine cells of the VTA through a polysynaptic pathway. Although a picture of novelty-dependent processes in the VTA and hippocampus is beginning to emerge, many aspects of the process remain unclear. Here, we will consider several issues: (1) What is relationship of novelty signals coming to the VTA from the superior colliculus, as compared to those that come from the hippocampus? (2) Can dopamine released by a reward enhance the learning of novel information? (3) Is there an interaction between motivational signals and hippocampal novelty signals? (4) What are the properties of the axons that generate dopamine release in the hippocampus? We close with a discussion of some of the outstanding open issues in this field.

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Acknowledgements

John Lisman gratefully acknowledges the support of NIH Grant N.2 P50 MH060450. Emrah Duzel has been supported by the Wellcome Trust (Project Grant to ED) and the DFG (KFO 163, SFB 776 TP A7).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology Department, Brandeis University, 415 South Street MS 008, Waltham, MA, 02454-9110, USA

    Nonna Otmakhova & John Lisman

  2. Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Street, London, WC1N 3AR, UK

    Emrah Duzel

  3. Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Str 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany

    Emrah Duzel

  4. German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Standort Magdeburg, Germany

    Emrah Duzel

  5. Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA

    Ariel Y. Deutch

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  1. Nonna Otmakhova
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  2. Emrah Duzel
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  3. Ariel Y. Deutch
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  4. John Lisman
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Correspondence to John Lisman .

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    Gianluca Baldassarre  & Marco Mirolli  & 

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Otmakhova, N., Duzel, E., Deutch, A.Y., Lisman, J. (2013). The Hippocampal-VTA Loop: The Role of Novelty and Motivation in Controlling the Entry of Information into Long-Term Memory. In: Baldassarre, G., Mirolli, M. (eds) Intrinsically Motivated Learning in Natural and Artificial Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32375-1_10

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