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Factors Influencing Livestock Productivity

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Environmental Stress and Amelioration in Livestock Production

Abstract

Numerous factors affect livestock production and productivity. In this chapter we will address those that are of paramount importance: climate, nutrition, and health aspects. In initial section we will review the effects of climate on livestock productivity and provide examples of livestock adaptation to climate constraints such as the Bos indicus cattle breeds adapted to hot weather and the fat tailed sheep, particularly adapted to arid conditions. In subsequent sections we address the influence of diseases and parasitism on livestock production and provide specific case studies on how diseases and parasites conditions affect livestock productivity and how domestic animals have adapted in order to cope with them. Finally, we describe two major nutrition-related factors affecting livestock productivity: seasonal weight loss and the browsing vs. grazing abilities in ruminants at the level of the oral cavity. In all section, case studies are provided as examples of specific adaptations to these problems.

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Acknowledgments

Authors acknowledge funding from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Higher Education (Lisbon, Portugal) in the form of Post-Doctoral grants (SFRH/BPD/34751/2007—S. van Harten and SFRH/BPD/63240/2009—E. Lamy) and Research contract by the Ciência 2007 program (André M. Almeida).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal

    Elsa Lamy & Elvira Sales-Baptista

  2. Centro de Veterinária e Zootecnia FMV, Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, Av Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal

    Sofia van Harten & André Martinho de Almeida

  3. Escola Superior de Hotelaria e Turismo do Estoril, Estoril, Portugal

    Elsa Lamy & Maria Manuela Mendes Guerra

  4. Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal

    Elvira Sales-Baptista

Authors
  1. Elsa Lamy
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  2. Sofia van Harten
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  3. Elvira Sales-Baptista
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  4. Maria Manuela Mendes Guerra
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  5. André Martinho de Almeida
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to André Martinho de Almeida .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Division of Physiology and Biochemistry, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institut, Avikanagar, Via-Jaipur, 304501, Rajasthan, India

    Veerasamy Sejian

  2. , Division of Physiology and Biochemistry, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institut, Avikanagar, Via-Jaipur, 304501, India

    S.M.K. Naqvi

  3. and OARDC, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, 44691, Ohio, USA

    Thaddeus Ezeji

  4. , Department of Veterinary Clinical Scienc, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, Ohio, USA

    Jeffrey Lakritz

  5. , Carbon Management and Sequestration Cent, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, Ohio, USA

    Rattan Lal

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Lamy, E., van Harten, S., Sales-Baptista, E., Guerra, M.M.M., de Almeida, A.M. (2012). Factors Influencing Livestock Productivity. In: Sejian, V., Naqvi, S., Ezeji, T., Lakritz, J., Lal, R. (eds) Environmental Stress and Amelioration in Livestock Production. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29205-7_2

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