Abstract
Premalignant penile lesions are a known risk factor for the development of penile neoplasias, and they have been reported in nearly half of invasive tumors. Prompt recognition and treatment prior to malignant transformation may avoid the need for traumatic procedures, which is often required when invasive penile cancer is diagnosed. The current terminology and categorization of penile precursor lesions, including risk factors, management, and prevention is reviewed in this chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Agarwalla A, Agrawal CS, Thakur A, Garg VK, Joshi A, Agrawal S, Jacob M (2000) Cutaneous horn on condyloma acuminatum. Acta Derm Venereol 80:159
Arlette JP (2003) Treatment of Bowen’s disease and erythroplasia of Queyrat. Br J Dermatol 149(Suppl 66):43–49
Axcrona K, Brennhovd B, Alfsen GC, Giercksky KE, Warloe T (2007) Photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate for atypial carcinoma in situ of the penis. Scand J Urol Nephrol 41:507–510
Aynaud O, Bergeron C (2004) Penile intraepithelial neoplasia. Prog Urol 14:100–104
Badgwell C, Rosen T (2006) Treatment of limited extent extramammary Paget’s disease with 5 percent imiquimod cream. Dermatol Online J 12:22
Bañón Pérez V, Prieto González A, Martínez Barba E, Pérez Albacete M (2000) Penile cutaneous horn: a report of three cases. BJU Int 86:754
Barbagli G, Palminteri E, Mirri F, Guazzoni G, Turini D, Lazzeri M (2006) Penile carcinoma in patients with genital lichen sclerosus: a multicenter survey. J Urol 175:1359–1363
Bashir SJ, Grant JW, Burrows NP (2010) Pseudoepitheliomatous, keratotic and micaceous balanitis after penile squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 35:749–751
Bayne D, Wise GJ (1988) Kaposi sarcoma of penis and genitalia: a disease of our times. Urology 31:22–25
Beljaards RC, van Dijk E, Hausman R (1987) Is pseudoepitheliomatous, micaceous and keratotic balanitis synonymous with verrucous carcinoma? Br J Dermatol 117:641–646
Berman B, Spencer J, Villa A, Poochareon V, Elgart G (2003) Successful treatment of extramammary Paget’s disease of the scrotum with imiquimod 5% cream. Clin Exp Dermatol 28(Suppl 1):36–38
Bleeker MC, Heideman DA, Snijders PJ, Horenblas S, Dillner J, Meijer CJ (2009) Penile cancer: epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention. World J Urol 27:141–150
Bogomoletz WV, Potet F, Molas G (1985) Condylomata acuminata, giant condyloma acuminatum (Buschke-Loewenstein tumour) and verrucous squamous carcinoma of the perianal and anorectal region: a continuous precancerous spectrum? Histopathology 9:1155–1169
Boshart M, zur Hausen H (1986) Human papillomaviruses in Buschke-Lowenstein tumors: physical state of the DNA and identification of a tandem duplication in the noncoding region of a human papillomavirus 6 subtype. J Virol 58:963–966
Braun L, Farmer ER, Shah KV (1983) Immunoperoxidase localization of papillomavirus antigen in cutaneous warts and bowenoid papulosis. J Med Virol 12:187–193
Buschke A, Löwenstein L (1925) Über carcinomähnliche Condylomata acuminata des Penis. Berl Klin Wochenschr 4:1726–1728
Chang Y, Cesarman E, Pessin MS, Lee F, Culpepper J, Knowles DM, Moore PS (1994) Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma. Science 266:1865–1869
Chao MW, Gibbs P (2005) Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a giant condyloma acuminatum (Buschke-Lowenstein tumour). Asian J Surg 28:238–240
Child FJ, Kim BK, Ganesan R, Southern SA, Herrington CS, Calonje E (2000) Verrucous carcinoma arising in pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis, without evidence of human papillomavirus. Br J Dermatol 143:183–187
Choi JW, Choi M, Cho KH (2009) A case of erythroplasia of queyrat treated with imiquimod 5% cream and excision. Ann Dermatol 21:419–422
Chun YS, Chang SN, Park WH (1999) A case of classical Kaposi’s sarcoma of the penis showing a good response to high-energy pulsed carbon dioxide laser therapy. J Dermatol 26:240–243
Cohen PR, Schulze KE, Tschen JA, Hetherington GW, Nelson BR (2006) Treatment of extramammary Paget disease with topical imiquimod cream: case report and literature review. South Med J 99:396–402
Conejo-Mir JS, Munoz MA, Linares M, Rodriguez L, Serrano A (2005) Carbon dioxide laser treatment of erythroplasia of Queyrat: a revisited treatment to this condition. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 19:643–644
Cox NH, Eedy DJ, Morton CA (2007) Guidelines for management of Bowen’s disease: 2006 update. Br J Dermatol 156:11–21
Cruz Guerra NA, Saenz Medina J, Ursua Sarmiento I, Zamora Martinez T, Madrigal Montero R, Diego Pinto D, Tarroc Blanco A (2005) Malignant recurrence of a penile cutaneous horn. Arch Esp Urol 58:61–63
Cubilla AL, Meijer CJ, Young RH (2000a) Morphological features of epithelial abnormalities and precancerous lesions of the penis. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl; (205):215–219
Cubilla AL, Velazques EF, Reuter VE, Oliva E, Mihm MC Jr, Young RH (2000b) Warty (condylomatous) squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: a report of 11 cases and proposed classification of ‘verruciform’ penile tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 24:505–512
Cuozzo DW, Vachher P, Sau P, Frishberg DP, James WD (1995) Verruciform xanthoma: a benign penile growth. J Urol 153:1625–1627
Danielsen AG, Sand C, Weismann K (2003) Treatment of Bowen’s disease of the penis with imiquimod 5% cream. Clin Exp Dermatol 28(Suppl 1):7–9
Dawber R, Colver G (1992) Premalignant lesions. In: Dawber R, Colver G, Jackson A (eds) Cutaneous cryosurgery. Martin Dunitz, London, pp 77–93
de Diego RE, Villanueva Pena A, Hernandez Castrillo A, Gomez Ortega JM (2005) Treatment of Bowen’s disease of the penis with imiquimod 5% cream. Actas Urol Esp 29:797–800
de la Pena ZE, Carro Rubias C, Sierra E, Delgado JA, Silmi Moyano A, Resel Estevez L (2001) Cutaneous horn of the penis. Arch Esp Urol 54:367–368
Del Losada JP, Ferre A, San Roman B, Vieira V, Fonseca E (2005) Erythroplasia of Queyrat with urethral involvement: treatment with carbon dioxide laser vaporization. Dermatol Surg 31:1454–1457
Demitsu T, Nagato H, Nishimaki K, Okada O, Kubota T, Yoneda K, Manabe M (2000) Melanoma in situ of the penis. J Am Acad Dermatol 42:386–388
Depasquale I, Park AJ, Bracka A (2000) The treatment of balanitis xerotica obliterans. BJU Int 86:459–465
Erkek E, Basar H, Bozdogan O, Emeksiz MC (2009) Giant condyloma acuminata of Buschke-Lowenstein: successful treatment with a combination of surgical excision, oral acitretin and topical imiquimod. Clin Exp Dermatol 34:366–368
Feldman SB, Sexton FM, Glenn JD, Lookingbill DP (1989) Immunosuppression in men with bowenoid papulosis. Arch Dermatol 125:651–654
Fields T, Drylie D, Wilson J (1987) Malignant evolution of penile horn. Urology 30:65–66
Ganem JP, Steele BW, Creager AJ, Carson CC (1999) Pseudo-epitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis. J Urol 161:217–218
Gholam P, Enk A, Hartschuh W (2009) Successful surgical management of giant condyloma acuminatum (Buschke-Lowenstein tumor) in the genitoanal region: a case report and evaluation of current therapies. Dermatology 218:56–59
Gilbert P, Beckert R (1990) Combination therapy for penile giant Buschke-Lowenstein condyloma. Urol Int 45:122–124
Goldberg LH, Landau JM, Moody MN, Vergilis-Kalner IJ (2011) Treatment of Bowen’s disease on the penis with low concentration of a standard mixture of solasodine glycosides and liquid nitrogen. Dermatol Surg 37:858–861
Gole GN, Shekhar T, Gole SG, Prabhala S (2010) Successful treatment of buschke-lowenstein tumour by surgical excision alone. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 3:174–176
Gomousa-Michael M, Gialama E, Gomousas N, Gialama G (2000) Genital human papillomavirus infection and associated penile intraepithelial neoplasia in males infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Acta Cytol 44:305–309
Goorney BP, Polori R (2004) A case of Bowenoid papulosis of the penis successfully treated with topical imiquimod cream 5%. Int J STD AIDS 15:833–835
Graham JH, Helwig EB (1973) Erythroplasia of Queyrat. A clinicopathologic and histochemical study. Cancer 32:1396–1414
Grassegger A, Hopfl R, Hussl H, Wicke K, Fritsch P (1994) Buschke-Loewenstein tumour infiltrating pelvic organs. Br J Dermatol 130:221–225
Gross G, Pfister H (2004) Role of human papillomavirus in penile cancer, penile intraepithelial squamous cell neoplasias and in genital warts. Med Microbiol Immunol 193:35–44
Hadway P, Corbishley CM, Watkin NA (2006) Total glans resurfacing for premalignant lesions of the penis: initial outcome data. BJU Int 98:532–536
Hama N, Ohtsuka T, Yamazaki S (2006) Detection of mucosal human papilloma virus DNA in bowenoid papulosis, Bowen’s disease and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. J Dermatol 33:331–337
Hatzichristou DG, Apostolidis A, Tzortzis V, Hatzimouratidis K, Ioannides E, Yannakoyorgos K (2001) Glansectomy: an alternative surgical treatment for Buschke-Lowenstein tumors of the penis. Urology 57:966–969
Henquet C (2011) Anogenital malignancies and pre-malignancies. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 25:885–895
Heyns CF, Fisher M (2005) The urological management of the patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. BJU Int 95:709–716
Hohenleutner U, Landthaler M, Braun-Falco O, Schmoeckel C, Haina D (1988) Condylomata acuminata gigantea (Buschke-Lowenstein tumor). Treatment with the CO2 laser and interferon. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 113:985–987
Ikenberg H, Gissmann L, Gross G, Grussendorf-Conen EI, zur Hausen H (1983) Human papillomavirus type-16-related DNA in genital Bowen’s disease and in Bowenoid papulosis. Int J Cancer 32:563–565
Im M, Kye KC, Kim JM, Lee JH (2007) Extramammary Paget’s disease of the scrotum with adenocarcinoma of the stomach. J Am Acad Dermatol 57:S43–S45
Kaspari M, Gutzmer R, Kiehl P, Dumke P, Kapp A, Brodersen JP (2002) Imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of human papillomavirus-16-positive erythroplasia of Queyrat. Dermatology 205:67–69
Kim KJ, Lee DP, Lee MW, Choi JH, Moon KC, Koh JK (2005) Penoscrotal extramammary Paget’s disease in a patient with rectal cancer: double primary adenocarcinomas differentiated by immunoperoxidase staining. Am J Dermatopathol 27:171–172
Krunic AL, Djerdj K, Starcevic-Bozovic A, Kozomara MM, Martinovic NM, Vesic SA, Djokic JH (1996) Pseudoepitheliomatous, keratotic and micaceous balanitis. Case report and review of the literature. Urol Int 56:125–128
Lee MR, Ryman W (2005) Erythroplasia of Queyrat treated with topical methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy. Australas J Dermatol 46:196–198
Li YC, Lu LY, Yang YT, Chang CC, Chen LM (2009) Extramammary Paget’s disease of the scrotum associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Chin Med Assoc 72:542–546
Lortat-Jacob E, Civatte J (1961) Micaceous and keratosic pseudo-epitheliomatous balanitis. Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr 68:164–167
Lowe FC, McCullough AR (1985) Cutaneous horns of the penis: an approach to management. Case report and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 13:369–373
Lowe FC, Lattimer DG, Metroka CE (1989) Kaposi’s sarcoma of the penis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Urol 142:1475–1477
Lucia MS, Miller GJ (1992) Histopathology of malignant lesions of the penis. Urol Clin North Am 19:227–246
Malek RS (1992) Laser treatment of premalignant and malignant squamous cell lesions of the penis. Lasers Surg Med 12:246–253
Martin JN (2011) Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 and kaposi sarcoma. Adv Dent Res 23:76–78
Mastrolorenzo A, Tiradritti L, Locunto U, Carini M, Massi D, Zuccati G (2005) Incidental finding: a penile cutaneous horn. Acta Derm Venereol 85:283–284
Mendez JC, Procop GW, Espy MJ, Paya CV, Smith TF (1998) Detection and semiquantitative analysis of human herpesvirus 8 DNA in specimens from patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma. J Clin Microbiol 36:2220–2222
Micali G, Nasca MR, De Pasquale R, Innocenzi D (2003) Primary classic Kaposi’s sarcoma of the penis: report of a case and review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 17:320–323
Micali G, Nasca MR, De Pasquale R (2006) Erythroplasia of Queyrat treated with imiquimod 5% cream. J Am Acad Dermatol 55:901–903
Mikhail GR (1980) Cancers, precancers, and pseudocancers on the male genitalia. A review of clinical appearances, histopathology, and management. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 6:1027–1035
Minhas S, Manseck A, Watya S, Hegarty PK (2010) Penile cancer-prevention and premalignant conditions. Urology 76:S24–S35
Mitsuishi T, Iwabu Y, Tokunaga K, Sata T, Kaneko T, Ohara K, Ohsawa I, Oda F, Yamada Y, Kawana S, Ozaki K, Nakatake M, Yamada O (2010) Combined analysis of cell growth and apoptosis-regulating proteins in HPVs associated anogenital tumors. BMC Cancer 10:118
Mohs FE, Snow SN, Larson PO (1992) Mohs micrographic surgery for penile tumors. Urol Clin North Am 19:291–304
Morelli L, Pusiol T, Piscioli F, Hofler H, Weirich G, Werner M, Cabras AD (2003) Herpesvirus 8-associated penile Kaposi’s sarcoma in an HIV-negative patient: first report of a solitary lesion. Am J Dermatopathol 25:28–31
Morton C, Horn M, Leman J, Tack B, Bedane C, Tjioe M, Ibbotson S, Khemis A, Wolf P (2006) Comparison of topical methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy with cryotherapy or fluorouracil for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in situ: results of a multicenter randomized trial. Arch Dermatol 142:729–735
Mukai M, Chaves T, Caldas L, Fillus Neto J, Santamaria J (2009) Primary Kaposi’s sarcoma of the penis. An Bras Dermatol 84:524–526
Murthy PS, Kanak K, Raveendra L, Reddy P (2010) Pseudoepitheliomatous, keratotic, and micaceous balanitis. Indian J Dermatol 55:190–191
Nasca MR, Panetta C, Micali G, Innocenzi D (2003) Microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma arising on lichen sclerosus of the penis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 17:337–339
Nasca MR, Potenza MC, Alessi L, Paravizzini G, Micali G (2010) Absence of PCR-detectable human papilloma virus in erythroplasia of Queyrat using a comparative control group. Sex Transm Infect 86:199–201
Obalek S, Jablonska S, Beaudenon S, Walczak L, Orth G (1986) Bowenoid papulosis of the male and female genitalia: risk of cervical neoplasia. J Am Acad Dermatol 14:433–444
Ohnishi T, Kano R, Nakamura Y, Hasegawa A, Watanabe S (1999) Genital Bowen disease associated with an unusual human papillomavirus type 57b. Arch Dermatol 135:858–859
Pacifico A, Piccolo D, Fargnoli MC, Peris K (2003) Kaposi’s sarcoma of the glans penis in an immunocompetent patient. Eur J Dermatol 13:582–583
Pai VV, Hanumanthayya K, Naveen KN, Rao R, Dinesh U (2010) Pseudoepitheliomatous, keratotic, and micaceous balanitis presenting as cutaneous horn in an adult male. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 76:547–549
Paparizos VA, Kyriakis KP, Papastamopoulos V, Hadjivassiliou M, Stavrianeas NG (2002) Response of AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma to highly active antiretroviral therapy alone. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 30:257–258
Park S, Grossfeld GD, McAninch JW, Santucci R (2001) Extramammary Paget’s disease of the penis and scrotum: excision, reconstruction and evaluation of occult malignancy. J Urol 166:2112–2116; discussion 2117
Pauk J, Huang ML, Brodie SJ, Wald A, Koelle DM, Schacker T, Celum C, Selke S, Corey L (2000) Mucosal shedding of human herpesvirus 8 in men. N Engl J Med 343:1369–1377
Piepkorn M, Kumasaka B, Krieger JN, Burmer GC (1993) Development of human papillomavirus-associated Buschke-Lowenstein penile carcinoma during cyclosporine therapy for generalized pustular psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 29:321–325
Pietrzak A, Chodorowska G, Klijer R, Ciechan J, Bar K, Urban J, Kotarska M (2003) A case of lichen planus of the penis mimicking leukoplakia lesions: a review of differential diagnosis. Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska Med 58:314–319
Porter WM, Francis N, Hawkins D, Dinneen M, Bunker CB (2002) Penile intraepithelial neoplasia: clinical spectrum and treatment of 35 cases. Br J Dermatol 147:1159–1165
Raghavaiah NV, Soloway MS, Murphy WM (1977) Malignant penile horn. J Urol 118:1068–1069
Read SI, Abell E (1981) Pseudoepitheliomatous, keratotic, and micaceous balanitis. Arch Dermatol 117:435–437
Rosenblatt A, Campos Guidi H (2009) Human papillomavirus and penile intraepithelial neoplasia. In: Rosenblatt A, Campos Guidi H (eds) Human papillomavirus – a practical guide for urologists. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 97–116
Ruocco E, Brunetti G, Del Vecchio M, Ruocco V (2011) The practical use of cytology for diagnosis in dermatology. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 25:125–129
Saify K, Saraswat P, Mishra D, Jeswan P (2010) What is your diagnosis? Indian J Sex Transm Dis 31:63–64
Schmauz R, Findlay M, Lalwak A, Katsumbira N, Buxton E (1977) Variation in the appearance of giant condyloma in an Ungandan series of cases of carcinoma of the penis. Cancer 40:1686–1696
Schoen EJ, Oehrli M, Colby C, Machin G (2000) The highly protective effect of newborn circumcision against invasive penile cancer. Pediatrics 105:E36
Schroeder TL, Sengelmann RD (2002) Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the penis successfully treated with imiquimod 5% cream. J Am Acad Dermatol 46:545–548
Schwartz RA, Janniger CK (1991) Bowenoid papulosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 24:261–264
Schwartz RA, Cohen JB, Watson RA, Gascon P, Ahkami RN, Ruszczak Z, Halpern J, Lambert WC (2000) Penile Kaposi’s sarcoma preceded by chronic penile lymphoedema. Br J Dermatol 142:153–156
Schwartz RA, Micali G, Nasca MR, Scuderi L (2008) Kaposi sarcoma: a continuing conundrum. J Am Acad Dermatol 59:179–206; quiz 207–208
Shabbir M, Minhas S, Muneer A (2011) Diagnosis and management of premalignant penile lesions. Ther Adv Urol 3:151–158
Shastry V, Betkerur J, Kushalappa (2009) Bowenoid papulosis of the genitalia successfully treated with topical tazarotene: a report of two cases. Indian J Dermatol 54:283–286
Soler C, Chardonnet Y, Allibert P, Euvrard S, Mandrand B, Thivolet J (1992) Detection of multiple types of human papillomavirus in a giant condyloma from a grafted patient. Analysis by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridisation, Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction. Virus Res 23:193–208
Solsona E, Algaba F, Horenblas S, Pizzocaro G, Windahl T (2004) EAU guidelines on penile cancer. Eur Urol 46:1–8
Soufiane M, Fadl TM, Nawfel M, Ouafae M, Kawtar Z, Afaf L, el FM Jamal, Hassan FM (2010) Kaposi’s sarcoma: HIV-negative man with isolated penile localization. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 53:535–536
Stables GI, Stringer MR, Robinson DJ, Ash DV (1999) Erythroplasia of Queyrat treated by topical aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy. Br J Dermatol 140:514–517
Sullivan RJ, Pantanowitz L (2010) New drug targets in Kaposi sarcoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 14:1355–1366
Sullivan RJ, Pantanowitz L, Dezube BJ (2009) Targeted therapy for Kaposi sarcoma. BioDrugs 23:69–75
Taliaferro SJ, Cohen GF (2008) Bowen’s disease of the penis treated with topical imiquimod 5% cream. J Drugs Dermatol 7:483–485
Talwar A, Puri N, Singh M (2010) Giant condyloma acuminatum of Buschke and Lowenstein: successful surgical treatment. Int J STD AIDS 21:446–448
Tappero JW, Conant MA, Wolfe SF, Berger TG (1993) Kaposi’s sarcoma. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, histology, clinical spectrum, staging criteria and therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 28:371–395
Tolia BM, Castro VL, Mouded IM, Newman HR (1976) Bowen’s disease of shaft of penis. Successful treatment with 5-fluorouracil. Urology 7:617–619
van Bezooijen BP, Horenblas S, Meinhardt W, Newling DW (2001) Laser therapy for carcinoma in situ of the penis. J Urol 166:1670–1671
van Randenborgh H, Paul R, Nahrig J, Egelhof P, Hartung R (2002) Extramammary Paget’s disease of penis and scrotum. J Urol 168:2540–2541
Vapnek JM, Quivey JM, Carroll PR (1991) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi’s sarcoma of the male genitalia: management with radiation therapy. J Urol 146:333–336
Vilmer C, Ramirez S, Cavelier-Balloy B, Guichard S, Verola O, Dubertret L (1997) Carcinoma of the penis arising in differentiated epithelial dysplasia associated with lichen sclerosus. Eur J Dermatol 7:127–128
von Krogh G, Horenblas S (2000) The management and prevention of premalignant penile lesions. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl; 205:220–229
Wade TR, Kopf AW, Ackerman AB (1978) Bowenoid papulosis of the penis. Cancer 42:1890–1903
Wieland U, Jurk S, Weissenborn S, Krieg T, Pfister H, Ritzkowsky A (2000) Erythroplasia of queyrat: coinfection with cutaneous carcinogenic human papillomavirus type 8 and genital papillomaviruses in a carcinoma in situ. J Invest Dermatol 115:396–401
Wigbels B, Luger T, Metze D (2001) Imiquimod: a new treatment possibility in bowenoid papulosis? Hautarzt 52:128–131
Wojnarowska F, Cooper SM (2003) Anogenital (non-venereal) disease. In: Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP (eds) Dermatology. Mosby, Edinburgh, pp 1099–1113
Yang WJ, Kim DS, Im YJ, Cho KS, Rha KH, Cho NH, Choi YD (2005) Extramammary Paget’s disease of penis and scrotum. Urology 65:972–975
Yoneta A, Yamashita T, Jin HY, Iwasawa A, Kondo S, Jimbow K (2000) Development of squamous cell carcinoma by two high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), a novel HPV-67 and HPV-31 from bowenoid papulosis. Br J Dermatol 143:604–608
Zhang N, Gong K, Zhang X, Yang Y, Na Y (2010) Extramammary Paget’s disease of scrotum – report of 25 cases and literature review. Urol Oncol 28:28–33
Zhao W, Li ZH, Kong CZ (2010) Diagnosis and management of scrotal Paget’s disease: report of 23 cases. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 16:453–455
Zhu JW, Luo D, Li CR, Lu Y, Ji X, Zhu J, Ming YL, Shen CH (2007) A case of penile verrucous carcinoma associated with cutaneous horn. Clin Exp Dermatol 32:213–214
Zhu Y, Ye DW, Yao XD, Zhang SL, Dai B, Zhang HL, Shen YJ, Mao HR (2009) Clinicopathological characteristics, management and outcome of metastatic penoscrotal extramammary Paget’s disease. Br J Dermatol 161:577–582
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rosenblatt, A., de Campos Guidi, H.G., Belda, W. (2013). Premalignant Lesions of the Penis. In: Male Genital Lesions. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29017-6_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29017-6_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-29016-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-29017-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)