Abstract
The Internet has matured to a critical infrastructure in many countries. The national importance of routing motivates us to study the AS-level subgraph that is relevant for a country. In this paper, we report on a methodology and tool chain for identifying and classifying a ’national Internet’, and evaluate detailed results for the example of Germany. Our contribution (a) identifies the ASes that are important for the country, (b) classifies these ASes into functional sectors, (c) constructs the AS routing graph of a country as well as subgraphs of specific sectors, and (d) analyzes structural dependencies between key players. Our methods indicate the importance of examining individual IP-blocks held by individual organizations, as this reveals 25% more stakeholders compared to only looking at prefixes. We quantify the centrality of ASes with respect to specific sectors and the robustness of communication communities. Our results show that members of sectoral groups tend to avoid direct peering, but inter-connect via a small set of common ISPs. Even though applied for Germany here, all methods are designed general enough to work for most countries, as well.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Slane, D.M., Bartholomew, C., et al.: 2010 Report to Congress, U.S.–China Economic and Security Review Commission, Annual Report (November 2010)
Karlin, J., Forrest, S., Rexford, J.: Nation-State Routing: Censorship, Wiretapping, and BGP. arXiv.org/CoRR, Tech. Rep. abs/0903.3218 (March 2009)
Roberts, H., Larochelle, D.: Mapping Local Internet Control. Berkman Center, Harvard University, Tech. Rep. (2010)
Faloutsos, M., Faloutsos, P., Faloutsos, C.: On Power-Law Relationships of the Internet Topology. In: Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM 1999, pp. 251–262. ACM (1999)
Govindan, R., Reddy, A.: An Analysis of Internet Inter-Domain Topology and Route Stability. In: Proc. of the IEEE INFOCOM 1997, pp. 850–857. ComSoc (1997)
Gao, L.: On Inferring Autonomous System Relationships in the Internet. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 9(6), 733–745 (2001)
Zhou, S., Zhang, G.-Q., Zhang, G.-Q.: Chinese Internet AS-Level Topology. IET Communications 1(2), 209–214 (2007)
Dimitropoulos, X., Krioukov, D., Riley, G., Claffy, K.: Revealing the Autonomous System Taxonomy: The Machine Learning Approach. In: Allman, M., Roughan, M. (eds.) Proc. of the PAM Conf. 2006, pp. 91–100 (2006)
Internet Routing Registry (2010), http://www.irr.net
Cai, X., Heidemann, J., Krishnamurthy, B., Willinger, W.: Towards an AS-to-Organization Map. In: Proc. of the 10th ACM IMC, pp. 199–205. ACM (2010)
Team Cymru, http://www.cymru.com/
RIPE Routing Information Service (RIS), http://www.ripe.net/projects/ris/rawdata.html
MaxMind – GeoLite Country, http://www.maxmind.com
Zhang, B., Liu, R., Massey, D., Zhang, L.: Collecting the Internet AS-level Topology. ACM SIGCOMM CCR 35(1), 53–61 (2005)
Winter, R.: Modeling the Internet Routing Topology – In Less than 24h. In: Proc. of the 2009 ACM/IEEE/SCS 23rd PADS 2009, pp. 72–79. ComSoc (2009)
Internet AS-level topology construction & analysis, http://topology.neclab.eu/
Mahadevan, P., Krioukov, D., Fomenkov, M., Huffaker, B., Dimitropoulos, X., Claffy, K.C., Vahdat, A.: The Internet AS-Level Topology: Three Data Sources and One Definitive Metric. ACM SIGCOMM CCR 36(1), 17–26 (2006)
Chi, Y.-J., Oliveira, R., Zhang, L.: Cyclops: The AS-level Connectivity Observatory. SIGCOMM CCR 38(5), 5–16 (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Wählisch, M., Schmidt, T.C., de Brün, M., Häberlen, T. (2012). Exposing a Nation-Centric View on the German Internet – A Change in Perspective on AS-Level. In: Taft, N., Ricciato, F. (eds) Passive and Active Measurement. PAM 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7192. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28537-0_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28537-0_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-28536-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-28537-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)