Abstract
The realization of completely autonomous wireless sensor networks (WSN) has been hindered with difficulties in implementing a truly “perpetual” power supply. Typically, the generic power supply for a sensor node is a battery, which is limited in cycle life. Current research in energy scavenging technology, along with the use of innovative energy storage devices such as supercapacitors, has demonstrated the improvement of sensor node lifetime characteristics. In this paper, we present the experimental results on a novel electrochemical supercapacitor (with improved electrical characteristics) manufactured using a “direct write” deposition tool. This technology allows one to print the supercapacitors with capacitances above 40 mF/cm2 directly on board of a sensor node covering any unoccupied surface area. Experiments on the printed storage chrarging with (AC) and (DC) based ambient energy via a specially developed generic energy scavenging module (ESM), and 24-hours deployment with a typical sensor node have showed promise towards extending sensor node lifetime.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Selavo, L., Wood, A., Cao, Q., SooKoor, T., Liu, H., Srinivasan, A., Wu, Y., Kang, W., Stankovic, J., Young, D., Porter, J.: LUSTER: Wireless Sensor Network for Environmental Research. In: 5th International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Sydney, Australia, pp. 103–116 (2007)
Simjee, F., Chou, P.H.: Everlast: Long-life, Supercapacitor-operated Wireles Sensor Node. In: International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, Tegernsee, Germany, pp. 197–202 (2006)
Jiang, X., Polastre, J., Culler, D.: Perpetual Environmentally Powered Sensor Networks. In: 4th International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Network, pp. 463–468 (2005)
Zhang, P., Sadler, C.M., Lyon, S.A., Martonosi, M.: Hardware Design Experience in ZebraNet. In: 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Baltimore, USA, pp. 227–238 (2004)
Raghunathan, V., Kansal, A., Hsu, J., Friedman, J., Srivastava, M.: Design Considerations for Solar Energy Harvesting Wireless Embedded Systems. In: 4th International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, pp. 457–462 (2005)
Chee, Y.H., Koplow, M., Mark, M., Pletcher, N., Seeman, M., Burghardt, F., Steingart, D., Rabaey, J., Wright, P., Sanders, S.: PicoCube: A 1cm3 Sensor Node Powered by Harvested Energy. In: Design Automation Conference, Anaheim, USA, pp. 114–119 (2008)
Perpetuum, http://www.perpetuum.co.uk
Torah, R.N., Tudor, M.J., Patel, K., Garcia, I.N., Beeby, S.P.: Autonomous Low Power Microsystem Powered by Vibration Energy Harvesting. In: 6th Annual IEEE Conference on Sensors, Atlanta, USA, pp. 264–267 (2007)
Park, C., Chou, P.H.: AmbiMax: Autonomous Energy Harvesting Platform for Multi-Supply Wireless Sensor Nodes. In: 3rd Annual IEEE Communications Society on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, vol. 1, pp. 168–177 (2006)
Roundy, S., Wright, P.K., Rabaey, J.M.: Energy Scavenging for Wireless Sensor Networks: With Special Focus on Vibrations. Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Boston (2003)
Simon, P., Gogotsi, Y.: Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors. Nature Materials 7, 845–854 (2008)
Kotz, R., Carlen, M.: Principles and Applications of Electrochemical Capacitors. Electrochimica Acta 45, 2483–2498 (2000)
Conway, B.: Electrochemical Supercapacitors, Scientific Fundamentals and Technological Applications. Kluwer Academic, New York (1999)
Lewandowski, A., Galiński, M.: Carbon – Ionic Liquid Double-Layer Capacitors. Physics and Chemistry of Solids 65, 281–286 (2004)
Forsyth, S.A., Pringle, J.M., MacFarlane, D.R.: Ionic Liquids – an Overview. Australian Journal of Chemistry 57, 113–119 (2004)
Ho, C.C., Steingart, D.A., Evans, J.W., Wright, P.K.: Tailoring Electrochemical Capacitor Energy Storage Using Direct Write Dispenser Printing. ECS Transactions 16(1), 35–47 (2008)
Hart, J.P., Wring, S.A.: Recent Developments in the Design and Application of Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensors for Biomedical, Environmental and 115 Industrial Analyses. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 16(2), 89–103 (1997)
Arnold, C.B., Pique, A.: Laser Direct-Write Processing. Mrs Bulletin 32, 9–12 (2007)
Steingart, D.A., Ho, C.C., Salminen, J., Evans, J.W., Wright, P.K.: Dispenser Printing of Solid Polymer – Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Lithium Ion Cells. In: 6th International IEEE Conference on Polymers and Adhesives in Microelectronics and Photonics, Oadaiba, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 261–264 (2007)
Phipps, A., Liu, F., Cattafesta, L., Sheplak, M., Nishida, T.: Demonstartion of a Wireless, Self-Powered, Electroacoustic Liner System. Acoustic Society of America 125(2), 873–881 (2009)
Roundy, S., Wright, P.K., Rabaey, J.: A Study of Low Level Vibrations as a Power Source for Wireless Sensor Node. Computer Communications (Elsevier) 26, 1131–1144 (2003)
Raghunathan, V., Chou, P.H.: Design and Power Management of Energy Harvesting Embedded Systems. In: Internationsl Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, Togernsee, Germany, pp. 369–374 (2006)
Memsic, Mica2 mote, http://www.memsic.com
Brunelli, D., Moser, C., Thiele, L., Benini, L.: Design of a Solar-harvesting Circuit for Batteryless embedded Systems. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular papers 56(11), 2519–2528 (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Somov, A., Ho, C.C., Passerone, R., Evans, J.W., Wright, P.K. (2012). Towards Extending Sensor Node Lifetime with Printed Supercapacitors. In: Picco, G.P., Heinzelman, W. (eds) Wireless Sensor Networks. EWSN 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7158. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28169-3_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28169-3_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-28168-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-28169-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)