Skip to main content

Endogenous Small RNAs and Antibacterial Resistance in Plants

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
MicroRNAs in Plant Development and Stress Responses

Part of the book series: Signaling and Communication in Plants ((SIGCOMM,volume 15))

  • 1940 Accesses

Abstract

Small RNAs are important regulators of developmental and physiological processes in plants as well as in animals. These small noncoding RNAs have also been demonstrated to be involved in host response against various biotic stresses. Until recently, small RNA-mediated silencing was believed to have immunity against viral infection utilizing virus-derived small RNAs. However, increasing evidence strongly associate endogenous small RNAs with regulation of plant responses to several pathogens, including bacteria. This chapter summarizes information on diversity of PAMPs, PTI, and ETI mode of plant defense response and regulatory role of endogenous small RNAs and their target genes in response to bacterial infection.

Authors Ritu Pandey and Ankur R. Bhardwaj have equally contributed to this work

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abramovitch RB, Anderson JC, Martin GB (2006) Bacterial elicitation and evasion of plant innate immunity. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7:601–611

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agorio A, Vera P (2007) ARGONAUTE4 is required for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 19:3778–3790

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O (2006) Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell 124:783–801

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alfano JR, Collmer A (2004) Type III secretion system effector proteins: double agents in bacterial disease and plant defense. Annu Rev Phytopathol 42:385–414

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Axtell MJ, Staskawicz BJ (2003) Initiation of RPS2-specified disease resistance in Arabidopsis is coupled to the AvrRpt2-directed elimination of RIN4. Cell 112:369–377

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bedini E, Castro CD, Erbs G, Mangoni L, Dow JM, Newman M-A, Parrilli M, Unverzagt C (2005) Structure-dependent modulation of a pathogen response in plants by synthetic O-antigen polysaccharides. J Am Chem Soc 127:2414–2416

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bednarek P, Kwon C, Schulze-Lefert P (2010) Not a peripheral issue: secretion in plant-microbe interactions. Curr Opin Plant Biol 13:378–387

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bender J (2004) DNA methylation and epigenetics. Annu Rev Plant Biol 55:41–68

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharjee S, Zamora A, Azhar MT, Sacco MA, Lambert LH, Moffett P (2009) Virus resistance induced by NB-LRR proteins involves Argonaute4-dependent translational control. Plant J 58(6):940–951

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boller T, Felix G (2009) A renaissance of elicitors: perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns and danger signals by pattern-recognition receptors. Annu Rev Plant Biol 60:379–406

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bolwell GP, Wojtaszek P (1997) Mechanism for the generation of reactive oxygen species in plant defence - a broad perspective. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 51:347–366

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bolwell GP, Bindschedler LV, Blee KA, Butt VS, Davies DR, Gardner SL, Gerrish C, Minibayeva F (2002) The apoplastic oxidative burst in response to biotic stress in plants: a three-component system. J Exp Bot 53:1367–1376

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borsani O, Zhu J, Verslues PE, Sunkar R, Zhu JK (2005) Endogenous siRNAs derived from a pair of natural cis-antisense transcripts regulate salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Cell 123:1279–1291

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouche N, Lauressergues D, Gasciolli V, Vaucheret H (2006) An antagonistic function for Arabidopsis DCL2 in development and a new function for DCL4 in generating viral siRNAs. EMBO J 25:3347–3356

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brodersen P, Voinnet O (2006) The diversity of RNA silencing pathways in plants. Trends Genet 22:268–280

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buist G, Steen A, Kok J, Kuipers OP (2008) LysM, a widely distributed protein motif for binding to (peptido)glycans. Mol Microbiol 68:838–847

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang JF, Urbach JM, Law TF, Arnold LW, Hu A, Gombar S, Grant SR, Ausubel FM, Dangl JL (2005) A high-throughput, near-saturating screen for type III effector genes from Pseudomonas syringae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:2549–2554

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman EJ, Carrington JC (2007) Specialization and evolution of endogenous small RNA pathways. Nat Rev Genet 8:884–896

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen X (2009) Small RNAs and their roles in plant development. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 25:21–44

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chisholm ST, Coaker G, Day B, Staskawicz BJ (2006) Host–microbe interactions: shaping the evolution of the plant immune response. Cell 124:803–814

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dangl JL, Jones JD (2001) Plant pathogens and integrated defense responses to infection. Nature 411:826–833

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deleris A, Gallego-Bartolome J, Bao J, Kasschau KD, Carrington JC, Voinnet O (2006) Hierarchical action and inhibition of plant Dicer-like proteins in antiviral defense. Science 313:68–71

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diaz-Pendon JA, Li F, LiWX DSW (2007) Suppression of antiviral silencing by cucumber mosaic virus 2b protein in Arabidopsis is associated with drastically reduced accumulation of three classes of viral small interfering RNAs. Plant Cell 19:2053–2063

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunoyer P, Himber C, Voinnet O (2006) Induction, suppression and requirement of RNA silencing pathways in virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens infections. Nat Genet 38:258–263

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erbs G, Silipo A, Aslam S, Castro CD, Liparoti V, Flagiello A, Pucci P, Lanzetta R, Parrilli M, Molinaro A, Newman M-A, Cooper RM (2008) Peptidoglycan and muropeptides from pathogens Agrobacterium and Xanthomonas elicit plant innate immunity: structure and activity. Chem Biol 15:438–448

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fahlgren N, Howell MD, Kasschau KD, Chapman EJ, Sullivan CM, Cumbie JS, Givan SA, Law TF, Grant SR, Dangl JL, Carrington JC (2007) High-throughput sequencing of Arabidopsis microRNAs: evidence for frequent birth and death of MIRNA genes. PLoS One 2:e219

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fu ZQ, Guo M, Jeong BR, Tian F, Elthon TE, Cerny RL, Staiger D, Alfano JR (2007) A type III effector ADP-ribosylates RNA-binding proteins and quells plant immunity. Nature 447:284–288

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fusaro AF, Matthew L, Smith NA, Curtin SJ, Dedic-Hagan J, Ellacott GA, Watson JM, Wang MB, Brosnan C, Carroll BJ, Waterhouse PM (2006) RNA interference-inducing hairpin RNAs in plants act through the viral defense pathway. EMBO Rep 7:1168–1175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghildiyal M, Xu J, Seitz H, Weng Z, Zamore PD (2010) Sorting of Drosophila small silencing RNAs partitions microRNA* strands into the RNA interference pathway. RNA 16:43–56

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Göhre V, Spallek T, Häweker H, Mersmann S, Mentzel T, Boller T, de Torres M, Mansfield JW, Robatzek S (2008) Plant pattern-recognition receptor FLS2 is directed for degradation by the bacterial ubiquitin ligase AvrPtoB. Curr Biol 18:1824–1832

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez-Gomez L, Boller T (2000) FLS2: an LRR receptor-like kinase involved in the perception of the bacterial elicitor flagellin in Arabidopsis. Mol Cell 5:1003–1011

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grewal SI, Moazed D (2003) Heterochromatin and epigenetic control of gene expression. Science 301:798–802

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo L, Lu Z (2010) The fate of miRNA* strand through evolutionary analysis: implication for degradation as merely carrier strand or potential regulatory molecule? PLoS One 5:e11387s

    Google Scholar 

  • Gust AA, Biswas R, Lenz HD, Rauhut T, Ranf S, Kemmerling B, Götz F, Glawischnig E, Lee J, Felix G, Nürnberger T (2007) Bacteria-derived peptidoglycans constitute pathogen-associated molecular patterns triggering innate immunity in Arabidopsis. J Biol Chem 282:32338–32348

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Han MH, Goud S, Song L, Fedoroff N (2004) The Arabidopsis double-stranded RNA-binding protein HYL1 plays a role in microRNA-mediated gene regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:1093–1098

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Havecker ER, Wallbridge LM, Hardcastle TJ, Bush MS, Kelly KA, Dunn RM, Schwach F, Doonan JH, Baulcombe DC (2010) The Arabidopsis RNA-directed DNA methylation argonautes functionally diverge based on their expression and interaction with target loci. Plant Cell 22:321–334

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He P, Chintamanani S, Chen Z, Zhu L, Kunkel BN, Alfano JR, Tang X, Zhou JM (2004) Activation of a COI1-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis by Pseudomonas syringae type III effectors and coronatine. Plant J 37:589–602

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herr AJ (2005) Pathways through the small RNA world of plants. FEBS Lett 579:5879–5888

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hutvágner G, Zamore PD (2002) RNAi: nature abhors a double-strand. Curr Opin Genet Dev 12:225–232

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jagadeeswaran G, Saini A, Sunkar R (2009) Biotic and abiotic stress down-regulate miR398 expression in Arabidopsis. Planta 229:1009–1014

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones JDG, Dangl JL (2006) The plant immune system. Nature 444:323–329

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones-Rhoades MW, Bartel DP, Bartel B (2006) MicroRNAS and their regulatory roles in plants. Annu Rev Plant Biol 57:19–53

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapoor M, Arora R, Lama T, Nijhawan A, Khurana JP, Tyagi AK, Kapoor S (2008) Genome-wide identification, organization and phylogenetic analysis of Dicer-like, Argonaute and RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase gene families and their expression analysis during reproductive development and stress in rice. BMC Genomics 9:451

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasschau KD, Fahlgren N, Chapman EJ, Sullivan CM, Cumbie JS, Givan SA, Carrington JC (2007) Genome-wide profiling and analysis of Arabidopsis siRNAs. PLoS Biol 5:e57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katiyar-Agarwal S, Gao S, Vivian-Smith A, Jin H (2007) A novel class of bacteria-induced small RNAs in Arabidopsis. Genes Dev 21:3123–3134

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katiyar-Agarwal S, Jin H (2010) Role of small RNAs in host-microbe interactions. Annu Rev Phytopathol 4:225–246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katiyar-Agarwal S, Morgan R, Dahlbeck D, Borsani O, Villegas A Jr, Zhu J-K, Staskawicz BJ, Jin H (2006) A pathogen-inducible endogenous siRNA in plant immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:18002–18007

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khvorova A, Reynolds A, Jayasena SD (2003) Functional siRNAs and miRNAs exhibit strand bias. Cell 115:209–216

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kunze G, Zipfel C, Robatzek S, Niehaus K, Boller T, Felixa G (2004) The N terminus of bacterial elongation factor Tu elicits innate immunity in Arabidopsis plants. Plant Cell 16:3496–3507

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurihara Y, Watanabe Y (2004) Arabidopsis microRNA biogenesis through Dicer-like 1 protein functions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:12753–12758

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamb C, Dixon RA (1997) The oxidative burst in plant disease resistance. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 48:251–275

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lelandais-Brière C, Sorin C, Declerck M, Benslimane A, Crespi M, Hartmann C (2010) Small RNA diversity in plants and its impact in development. Curr Genomics 11:14–23

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Wu L, Qi Y, Zhou JM (2010) Identification of microRNAs involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered plant innate immunity. Plant Physiol 152:2222–2231

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lobbes D, Rallapalli G, Schmidt DD, Martin C, Clarke J (2006) SERRATE: a new player on the plant microRNA scene. EMBO Rep 7:1052–1058

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu C, Tej SS, Luo S, Haudenschild CD, Meyers BC, Green PJ (2005) Elucidation of the small RNA component of the transcriptome. Science 309:1567–1569

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mackey D, Belkhadir Y, Alonso JM, Ecker JR, Dangl JL (2003) Arabidopsis RIN4 is a target of the type III virulence effector AvrRpt2 and modulates RPS2-mediated resistance. Cell 112:379–389

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mackey D, Holt BF 3rd, Wiig A, Dangl JL (2002) RIN4 interacts with Pseudomonas syringae type III effector molecules and is required for RPM1-mediated resistance in Arabidopsis. Cell 108:743–754

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mallory A, Vaucheret H (2010) Form, function, and regulation of ARGONAUTE proteins. Plant Cell 22:3879–3889

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mallory AC, Bartel DP, Bartel B (2005) MicroRNA-directed regulation of Arabidopsis AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17 is essential for proper development and modulates expression of early auxin response genes. Plant Cell 17:1360–1375

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin GB, Bogdanove AJ, Sessa G (2003) Understanding the functions of plant disease resistance proteins. Annu Rev Plant Biol 54:23–61

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyers BC, Kozik A, Griego A, Kuang H, Michelmorea RW (2003) Genome-wide analysis of NBS-LRR-encoding genes in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 15:809–834

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyoshi K, Miyoshi T, Siomi H (2010) Many ways to generate microRNA-like small RNAs: non-canonical pathways for microRNA production. Mol Genet Genomics 284:95–103

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moissiard G, Voinnet O (2006) RNA silencing of host transcripts by cauliflower mosaic virus requires coordinated action of the four Arabidopsis Dicer-like proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:19593–19598

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery TA, Howell MD, Cuperus JT, Li D, Hansen JE, Alexander AL, Chapman EJ, Fahlgren N, Allen E, Carrington JC (2008) Specificity of ARGONAUTE7-miR390 interaction and dual functionality in TAS3 trans-acting siRNA formation. Cell 133:128–141

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morel JB, Godon C, Mourrain P, Béclin C, Boutet S, Feuerbach F, Proux F, Vaucheret H (2002) Fertile hypomorphic ARGONAUTE (ago1) mutants impaired in post-transcriptional gene silencing and virus resistance. Plant Cell 14:629–639

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Navarro L, Dunoyer P, Jay F, Arnold B, Dharmasiri N, Estelle M, Voinnet O, Jones JD (2006) A plant miRNA contributes to antibacterial resistance by repressing auxin signalling. Science 312:436–439

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Navarro L, Jay F, Nomura K, He SY, Voinnet O (2008) Suppression of the microRNA pathway by bacterial effector proteins. Science 321:964–967

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicaise V, Roux M, Zipfel C (2009) Recent advances in PAMP-triggered immunity against bacteria: pattern-recognition receptors watch over and raise the alarm. Plant Physiol 150:1638–1647

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noël L, Moores TL, van Der Biezen EA, Parniske M, Daniels MJ, Parker JE, Jones JD (1999) Pronounced intraspecific haplotype divergence at the RPP5 complex disease resistance locus of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 11:2099–2112

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park W, Li J, Song R, Messing J, Chen X (2002) CARPEL FACTORY, a Dicer homolog, and HEN1, a novel protein, act in microRNA metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Curr Biol 12:1484–1495

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pavet V, Quintero C, Cecchini NM, Rosa AL, Alvarez ME (2006) Arabidopsis displays centromeric DNA hypomethylation and cytological alterations of heterochromatin upon attack by Pseudomonas syringae. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 19:577–587

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pruss GJ, Nester EW, Vance V (2008) Infiltration with Agrobacterium tumefaciens induces host defense and development-dependent responses in the infiltrated zone. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 21:1528–1538

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qi Y, Hannon GJ (2005) Uncovering RNAi mechanisms in plants: biochemistry enters the foray. FEBS Lett 579:5899–5903

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qian Y, Cheng Y, Cheng X, Jiang H, Zhu S, Cheng B (2011) Identification and characterization of Dicer-like, Argonaute and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene families in maize. Plant Cell Rep 30:1347–1363

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qu F, Ye X, Morris TJ (2008) Arabidopsis DRB4, AGO1, AGO7, and RDR6 participate in a DCL4-initiated antiviral RNA silencing pathway negatively regulated by DCL1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:14732–14737

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raja P, Sanville BC, Buchmann RC, Bisaro DM (2008) Viral genome methylation as an epigenetic defense against geminiviruses. J Virol 82:8997–9007

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reinhart BJ, Weinstein EG, Rhoades MW, Bartel B, Bartel DP (2002) MicroRNAs in plants. Genes Dev 16:1616–1626

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reyes JL, Chua NH (2007) ABA induction of miR159 controls transcript levels of two MYB factors during Arabidopsis seed germination. Plant J 49:592–606

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhoades MW, Reinhart BJ, Lim LP, Burge CB, Bartel B, Bartel DP (2002) Prediction of plant microRNA targets. Cell 110:513–520

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roden J, Eardley L, Hotson A, Cao Y, Mudgett MB (2004) Characterization of the Xanthomonas AvrXv4 effector, a SUMO protease translocated into plant cells. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 17:633–643

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitz-Linneweber C, Williams-Carrier R, Barkan A (2005) RNA immunoprecipitation and microarray analysis show a chloroplast Pentatricopeptide repeat protein to be associated with the 5' region of mRNAs whose translation it activates. Plant Cell 17:2791–2804

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz DS, Hutvágner G, Du T, Xu Z, Aronin N, Zamore PD (2003) Asymmetry in the assembly of the RNAi enzyme complex. Cell 115:199–208

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Segonzac C, Zipfel C (2011) Activation of plant pattern-recognition receptors by bacteria. Curr Opin Microbiol 14:54–61

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song W-Y, Wang G-L, Chen L-L, Kim H-S, Pi L-Y, Holsten T, Gardner J, Wang B, Zhai W-X, Zhu L-H, Fauquet C, Ronald P (1995) A receptor kinase-like protein encoded by the rice disease resistance gene, Xa21. Science 270:1804–1806

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stokes TL, Richards EJ (2002) Induced instability of two Arabidopsis constitutive pathogen-response alleles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:7792–7796

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sunkar R, Kapoor A, Zhu JK (2006) Posttranscriptional induction of two Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase genes in Arabidopsis is mediated by down regulation of miR398 and important for oxidative stress tolerance. Plant Cell 18:2051–2065

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas B, Georg F (2009) A renaissance of elicitors: perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns and danger signals by pattern-recognition receptors. Annu Rev Plant Biol 60:379–406

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas B, Sheng YH (2009) Innate immunity in plants: an arms race between pattern recognition receptors in plants and effectors in microbial pathogens. Science 324:742–744

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vazquez F, Gasciolli V, Crété P, Vaucheret H (2004) The nuclear dsRNA binding protein HYL1 is required for microRNA accumulation and plant development, but not posttranscriptional transgene silencing. Curr Biol 14:346–351

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wada Y, Miyamoto K, Kusano T, Sano H (2004) Association between up-regulation of stress-responsive genes and hypomethylation of genomic DNA in tobacco plants. Mol Genet Genomics 271:658–666

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XB, Wu Q, Ito T, Cillo F, Li WX, Chen X, Yu JL, Ding SW (2010) RNAi-mediated viral immunity requires amplification of virus-derived siRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:484–489

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wendehenne D, Durner J, Klessig DF (2004) Nitric oxide: a new player in plant signalling and defense responses. Curr Opin Plant Biol 7:449–455

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilton M, Subramaniam R, Elmore J, Felsensteiner C, Coaker G, Desveaux D (2010) The type III effector HopF2Pto targets Arabidopsis RIN4 protein to promote Pseudomonas syringae virulence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:2349–2354

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiang T, Zong N, Zou Y, Wu Y, Zhang J, Xing W, Li Y, Tang X, Zhu L, Chai J, Zhou JM (2008) Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrPto blocks innate immunity by targeting receptor kinases. Curr Biol 18:74–80

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xie Z, Fan B, Chen C, Chen Z (2001) An important role of an inducible RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in plant antiviral defense. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:6516–6521

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xie Z, Johansen LK, Gustafson AM, Kasschau KD, Lellis AD, Zilberman D, Jacobsen SE, Carrington JC (2004) Genetic and functional diversification of small RNA pathways in plants. PLoS Biol 2:642–652

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yi H, Richards EJ (2007) A cluster of disease resistance genes in Arabidopsis is coordinately regulated by transcriptional activation and RNA silencing. Plant Cell 19:2929–2939

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshikawa M, Peragine A, Park MY, Poethig RS (2005) A pathway for the biogenesis of trans-acting siRNAs in Arabidopsis. Genes Dev 19:2164–2175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu D, Fan B, MacFarlane SA, Chen Z (2003) Analysis of the involvement of an Arabidopsis RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in antiviral defense. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 16:206–216

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeidler D, Zähringer U, Gerber I, Dubery I, Hartung T, Bors W, Hutzler P, Durner J (2004) Innate immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana: lipopolysaccharides activate nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and induce defense genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:15811–15816

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang W, Gao S, Zhou X, Chellappan P, Chen Z, Zhou X, Zhang X, Fromuth N, Coutino G, Coffey M, Jin H (2011a) Bacteria-responsive microRNAs regulate plant innate immunity by modulating plant hormone networks. Plant Mol Biol 75:93–105

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Yuan YR, Pei Y, Lin SS, Tuschl T, Patel DJ, Chua NH (2006) Cucumber mosaic virus-encoded 2b suppressor inhibits Arabidopsis Argonaute1 cleavage activity to counter plant defense. Genes Dev 20:3255–3268

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Zhao H, Gao S, Wang WC, Katiyar-Agarwal S, Huang HD, Raikhel N, Jin H (2011b) Arabidopsis Argonaute 2 regulates innate immunity via miRNA393*- mediated silencing of a golgi-localized SNARE gene, MEMB12. Cell 42:356–366

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Goritschnig S, Dong X, Li X (2003) A gain-of-function mutation in a plant disease resistance gene leads to constitutive activation of downstream signal transduction pathways in suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1. Plant Cell 15:2636–2646

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zipfel C, Robatzek S, Navarro L, Oakeley EJ, Jones JDG, Felix G, Boller T (2004) Bacterial disease resistance in Arabidopsis through flagellin perception. Nature 428:764–767

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Research work in the laboratory is supported by grants from Department of Biotechnology (DBT), India, and University of Delhi. RP and ARB are thankful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India, and DBT, India, for the student fellowship, respectively. Thanks are also due to Dr. Manu Agarwal for suggestions and critical reading of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Surekha Katiyar-Agarwal .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pandey, R., Bhardwaj, A.R., Katiyar-Agarwal, S. (2012). Endogenous Small RNAs and Antibacterial Resistance in Plants. In: Sunkar, R. (eds) MicroRNAs in Plant Development and Stress Responses. Signaling and Communication in Plants, vol 15. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27384-1_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics