Abstract
In this paper we first give a review of the least-squares Monte Carlo approach for approximating the solution of backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) first suggested by Gobet et al. (Ann Appl Probab., 15:2172–2202, 2005). We then propose the use of basis functions, which form a system of martingales, and explain how the least-squares Monte Carlo scheme can be simplified by exploiting the martingale property of the basis functions. We partially compare the convergence behavior of the original scheme and the scheme based on martingale basis functions, and provide several numerical examples related to option pricing problems under different interest rates for borrowing and investing.
AMS classification: 65C30, 65C05, 91G20, 91G60
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bally, V.: Approximation scheme for solutions of BSDE. In: El Karoui, N., Mazliak, L. (eds.) Backward Stochastic Differential Equations, pp. 177–191. Longman (1997)
Bally, V., Pagès, G.: A quantization algorithm for solving multi-dimensional discrete-time optimal stopping problems. Bernoulli 9, 1003–1049 (2003)
Bender, C., Denk, R.: A forward scheme for backward SDEs. Stochastic Process. Appl. 117, 1793–1812 (2007)
Bender, C., Kohlmann, M.: Optimal superhedging under nonconvex constraints: a BSDE approach. Int. J. Theor. Appl. Finance 11, 363–380 (2008)
Bender, C., Moseler, T.: Importance sampling for backward SDEs. Stoch. Analysis Appl. 28, 226–253 (2010)
Bender, C., Steiner, J.: A-posteriori estimates for backward SDEs. Preprint (2012)
Bender, C., Zhang, J.: Time discretization and Markovian iteration for coupled FBSDEs. Ann. Appl. Probab. 18, 143–177 (2008)
Bergman, Y. Z.: Option pricing with differential interest rates. Rev. Financ. Stud. 8, 475–500 (1995)
Bouchard, B., Chassagneux, J.-F.: Discrete-time approximation for continuously and discretely reflected BSDEs. Stochastic Process. Appl. 118, 2269–2293 (2008)
Bouchard, B., Elie, R.: Discrete-time approximation of decoupled forward-backward SDE with jumps. Stochastic Process. Appl. 118, 53–75 (2008)
Bouchard, B., Elie, R., Touzi, N.: Discrete-time approximation of BSDEs and probabilistic schemes for fully nonlinear PDEs. In: Advanced financial modelling, Radon Ser. Comput. Appl. Math. 8, pp. 91–124. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin (2009)
Bouchard, B., Touzi, N.: Discrete-time approximation and Monte Carlo simulation of backward stochastic differential equations. Stochastic Process. Appl. 111, 175–206 (2004)
Briand, P., Delyon, B., Mèmin, J.: Donsker-type theorem for BSDEs. Electron. Comm. Probab. 6, 1–14 (2001)
Broadie, M., Cvitanic, J., Soner, M.: Optimal replication of contingent claims under portfolio constraints. Rev. Financ. Stud. 11, 59–79 (1998)
Chevance, D.: Numerical methods for backward stochastic differential equations. In: Numerical methods in finance, pp. 232–244. Publ. Newton Inst., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (1997)
Crisan, D., Manolarakis, K.: Solving Backward Stochastic Differential Equations using the Cubature Method. Preprint (2010)
Delarue, F., Menozzi, S.: A forward-backward stochastic algorithm for quasi-linear PDEs. Ann. Appl. Probab. 16, 140–184 (2006)
Douglas, J., Ma, J., Protter, P.: Numerical methods for forward-backward stochastic differential equations. Ann. Appl. Probab. 6, 940–968 (1996)
El Karoui, N., Peng, S., Quenez M. C.: Backward stochastic differential equations in finance. Math. Finance 7, 1–71 (1997)
Glasserman, P., Yu, B.: Simulation for American options: Regression now or regression later? In: H. Niederreiter (ed.), Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods 2002, pp. 213–226 Springer, Berlin (2004)
Glasserman, P., Yu, B.: Number of paths versus number of basis functions in American option pricing. Ann. Appl. Probab. 14, 2090–2119 (2004)
Gobet, E., Labart, C.: Error expansion for the discretization of backward stochastic differential equations. Stochastic Process. Appl. 117, 803–829 (2007)
Gobet, E., Labart, C.: Solving BSDE with adaptive control variate. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 48, 257–277 (2010)
Gobet, E., Lemor, J.-P., Warin, X.: A regression-based Monte Carlo method to solve backward stochastic differential equations. Ann. Appl. Probab. 15, 2172–2202 (2005)
Gobet, E., Makhlouf, A.: L 2-time regularity of BSDEs with irregular terminal functions. Stochastic Process. Appl. 120, 1105–1132 (2010)
Gunzburger, M., Zhang, G.: Efficient Numerical Methods for High-Dimensional Backward Stochastic Differential Equations. Preprint (2010)
Imkeller, P., Dos Reis, G., Zhang, J.: Results on numerics for FBSDE with drivers of quadratic growth. In: Contemporary Quantitative Finance (Essays in Honour of Eckhard Platen), pp. 159–182. Springer, Berlin (2010)
Johnson, H.: Options on the maximum or the minimum of several assets. J. Fin. Quant. Analysis 22, 277–283 (1987)
Lemor, J.-P., Gobet, E., Warin, X.: Rate of convergence of an empirical regression method for solving generalized backward stochastic differential equations. Bernoulli 12, 889–916 (2006)
Longstaff, F. A., Schwartz, R. S.: Valuing American Options by Simulation: A Simple Least-Squares Approach. Rev. Financ. Stud. 14, 113–147 (2001)
Ma, J., Protter, P., San Martín, J., Torres, S.: Numerical method for backward stochastic differential equations. Ann. Appl. Probab. 12, 302–316 (2002)
Ma, J., Shen, J., Zhao, Y.: On numerical approximations of forward-backward stochastic differential equations. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 46, 2636–2661 (2009)
Ma, J., Zhang, J.: Representations and regularities for solutions to BSDEs with reflections. Stochastic Process. Appl. 115, 539–569 (2005)
Milstein, G. N., Tretyakov, M. V.: Numerical algorithms for forward-backward stochastic differential equations. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 28, 561–582 (2006)
Richou, A.: Numerical simulation of BSDEs with drivers of quadratic growth. Ann. Appl. Probab., 21, 1933–1964 (2011)
Zhang, J.: A numerical scheme for BSDEs, Ann. Appl. Probab. 14, 459–488 (2004)
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under grant BE3933/3-1.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Bender, C., Steiner, J. (2012). Least-Squares Monte Carlo for Backward SDEs. In: Carmona, R., Del Moral, P., Hu, P., Oudjane, N. (eds) Numerical Methods in Finance. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics, vol 12. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25746-9_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25746-9_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-25745-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-25746-9
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)