Skip to main content

Vector Quantization Based Face Recognition Using Integrated Adaptive Fuzzy Clustering

  • Conference paper
Advances in Parallel Distributed Computing (PDCTA 2011)

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 203))

  • 1585 Accesses

Abstract

A face recognition system is a computer application for automatically identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame. In this paper, an improved codebook design method is proposed for Vector Quantization (VQ)-based face recognition which improves recognition accuracy. A codebook is created by combining a systematically organized codebook based on the classification of code patterns and another codebook created by Integrated Adaptive Fuzzy Clustering (IAFC) method. IAFC is a fuzzy neural network which incorporates a fuzzy learning rule into a neural network. The performance of proposed algorithm is demonstrated by using publicly available AT&T database and Yale database. The evaluation has been done using two methodologies; first with no rejection criteria, and then with rejection criteria By applying the rejection criteria an equal error rate of 3.5 % is obtained for AT & T database and 6 % is obtained for Yale database Experimental results also show the face recognition using the proposed codebook with no rejection criteria is more efficient yielding a rate of 99.25% for AT & T and 98.18% for Yale which is higher than most of the existing methods.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Chellappa, R., Wilson, C.L., Sirohey, S.: Human and machine recognition of faces: a survey. Proc. IEEE 83(5), 705–740 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Li, S.Z., Jain, A.K.: Handbook of Face Recognition. Springer, New York (2005)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Turk, M., Pentland, A.: Eigenfaces for recognition. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 3(1), 71–86 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Belhumeur, P.N., Hespanh, J.P., Kriegman, D.J.: Eigenfaces vs Fisherfaces. Recognition using class specific linear projection. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 19, 711–720 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Moghaddam, B., Nastar, C., Pentland, A.: A Bayesian similarity measure for direct image matching. In: Proceedings International Conference on Pattern Recognition (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Phillips, P.J.: Support vector machines applied to face fecognition. Advanced Neural Information Processing Systems 11, 803–809 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Zhao, W., Chellappa, R., Phillips, P.J., Rosenfeld, A.: Face Recognition: A Literature Survey. ACM Computing Surveys 35(4), 399–458 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Brunelli, R., Poggio, T.: Face recognition: features versus templates. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 15(10), 1042–1052 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Penev, P.S., Atick, J.J.: Local Feature Analysis: A general statistical theory for object representation. Network: Computation in Neural Systems 7(3), 477–500 (1996)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Goudail, F., Lange, E., Iwamoto, T., Kyuma, K., Otsu, N.: Face recognition system using local autocorrelations and multiscale integration. IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 18(10), 1024–1028 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kotani, K., Chen, Q., Ohmi, T.: Face recognition using vector quantization histogram method. In: Proceedings of the 2002 Int. Conf. on Image Processing, vol. II of III, pp. II-105–II-108 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Chen, Q., Kotani, K., Lee, F.F., Ohmi, T.: A VQ based fast face recognition algorithmn using optimized codebook. In: Proceedings of the 2008 Int. Conf. on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Sayood, K.: Introduction to Data Compression. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (2000)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Nakayama, T., Konda, M., Takeuchi, K., Kotani, K., Ohmi, T.: Still image compression with adaptive resolution vector quantization technique. Int. Journal of Intelligent Automation and Soft Computing 10(2), 155–166 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Chen, Q., Kotani, K., Lee, F.F., Ohmi, T.: Face recognition using codebook designed by code classification. In: IEEE Int. Conf. on Signal and Image Processing, pp. 397–401 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kohonen, T.: The Self-Organizing Maps. Proceedings of the IEEE 78(9) (September 1990)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kim, Y.S., Mitra, S.: An adaptive integrated fuzzy clustering model for pattern recognition. Journal Fuzzy Sets and Systems (65), 297–310 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  18. AT & T. The Database of Faces, http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/dtg/attarchive/facedatabase.html

  19. Yale Face Database, http://cvc.yale.edu/projects/yalefaces/yalefaces.html

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Varghese, E.B., Wilscy, M. (2011). Vector Quantization Based Face Recognition Using Integrated Adaptive Fuzzy Clustering. In: Nagamalai, D., Renault, E., Dhanuskodi, M. (eds) Advances in Parallel Distributed Computing. PDCTA 2011. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 203. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24037-9_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24037-9_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-24036-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-24037-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics