Skip to main content

Internet Dependency: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Therapy

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Virtual Worlds and Criminality

Abstract

The question of whether people can become dependent on media in a pathological sense has come to the fore with the development of the internet and its derivatives. Apart from the fact that the mental development of an individual living in a civilisation necessarily takes place in dependency on its media and their mediation functions, there is increasing evidence that the realms of the media in cyberspace are taking on dynamics of their own to which people are becoming enslaved in the sense of an addiction. The convergence of all precursor analogue media in the digital world and the novel interactivity with which it is capable of connecting all contents and people may explain why using the internet can lead to dependency in a clinically relevant sense.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Acevedo-Polakovich ID, Pugzles Lorch E (2006) Disentangling the relation between television viewing and cognitive process in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comparison children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 160:354–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychological Association (APA) (1999) Ten criteria for internet addiction (online publication). http://www.apa.org/releases/internet.html

  • Bai YM, Lin CC, Chen JY (2001) Internet addiction disorder among clients of a virtual clinic. Psychiatr Serv 52:1394–1397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beard KW (2005) Internet addiction: a review of current assessment techniques and potential assessment questions. Cyberpsychol Behav 1:7–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beard KW, Wolf EM (2001) Modification in the proposed diagnostic criteria for internet addiction. Cyberpsychol Behav 4:377–383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bechara A (2003) Risky business: emotion, decision-making and addiction. J Gambl Stud 19:23–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann W, Hüther G (2006) Computersüchtig. Kinder im Sog der Medien. Walter, Düsseldorf

    Google Scholar 

  • Black DW, Repertinger S, Gaffney GR, Gaebel J (1998) Family history and psychiatric comorbidity in persons with compulsive buying: preliminary findings. Am J Psychiatry 155:960–963

    Google Scholar 

  • Cao F, Su L, Liu T, Gao X (2007) The relationship between impulsivity and internet addiction in a sample of Chinese adolescents. Eur Psychiatry 22:466–471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caplan SE (2003) Preference for online social interaction: a theory of problematic internet use and psychosocial well-being. Commun Res:625–648

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan PA, Rabinowitz T (2006) A cross-sectional analysis of video games and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adolescents. Ann Gen Psychiatry 5:1–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis RA (2001) A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological internet use (PIU). Comput Hum Behav 17:187–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis RA (2002) Validation of a new scale for measuring problematic internet use. Implications for pre-employment screening. Cyberpsychol Behav 5:331–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dilling H, Mombour W, Schmidt MH (2004) Internationale Klassifikation psychischer Störungen. ICD-10 Kapitel V (F), Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO). Huber, Berne

    Google Scholar 

  • Eichenberg C, Ott R (1999) Suchtmaschine Internetabhängigkeit: Massenphänomen oder Erfindung der Medien? c´t 19:106

    Google Scholar 

  • Farke G (2003) Onlinesucht. Wenn Mailen und Chatten zum Zwang werden. Kreuz-Verlag, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant JE, Levine L, Kim D, Potenza MN (2005) Impulse control disorders in adult psychiatric inpatients. Am J Psychiatry 162:2184–2188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenfield DN (1999) Virtual addiction. New Harbinger, Oakland

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths M (2000) Does internet and computer “addiction” exist? Some case study evidence. Cyberpsychol Behav 2:211–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths MD, Davies MNO, Chappell D (2004) Online computer gaming. A comparison of adolescent and adult gamers. J Adolesc 27:87–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grüsser SM, Thalemann R (2006) Computersüchtig? Rat und Hilfe. Huber, Berne

    Google Scholar 

  • Grüsser SM, Thalemann R, Albrecht U (2005) Exzessive Computernutzung im Kindesalter – Ergebnisse einer psychometrischen Erhebung. Wien Klin Wochenschr 117:188–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ha JH, Yoo HJ, Cho IH, Chin B, Shin D, Kim JH (2006) Psychiatric comorbidity assessed in Korean children and adolescents who screen positive for internet addiction. J Clin Psychiatry 67:821–826

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn A, Jerusalem M (2001) Internetsucht: Jugendliche gefangen im Netz. In: Raithel J (ed) Risikoverhalten Jugendlicher. Leske & Budrich, Opladen

    Google Scholar 

  • Heim M (1998) Virtual realism. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang Z, Wang M, Qian M, Zhong J, Tao R (2007) Chinese internet addiction inventory: developing a measure of problematic internet use for Chinese college students. Cyberpsychol Behav 10:805–811

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hur MH (2006) Demographic, habitual, and socioeconomic determinants of internet addiction disorder: an empirical study of Korean teenagers. Cyberpsychol Behav 9:514–525

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ko CH, Yen JY, Yen CF, Lin HC, Yang MJ (2007) Factors predictive for incidence and remission of internet addiction in young adolescents: a prospective study. Cyberpsychol Behav 10:545–551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ko CH, Yen JY, Chen CS, Chen CC, Yen CF (2008) Psychiatric comorbidity of internet addiction in college students: an interview study. CNS Spectr 13:147–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Köhler T, Frindte W (2003) Internetnutzung und multiple personality disorder. In: Ott R, Eichenberg C (eds) Klinische psychologie und internet, vol 6. Hogrefe, Göttingen

    Google Scholar 

  • Kratzer S (2006) Pathologische Internetnutzung. Eine Pilotstudie zum Störungsbild. Pabst, Lengerich

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraut R, Patterson M, Lundmark V, Kiesler S, Mukopadhyay T, Scherlis W (1998) Internet paradox. A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychosocial well-being? Am Psychol 53:1017–1031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LaRose R, Eastin M, Gregg J (2003) Reformulating the internet paradox: Social cognitive explanations of internet use and depression. J Online Behav. http://www.behavior.net/JOB/v1n2/paradox.html, accessed on 2.7.2011

  • Lin SS, Tsai CC (2002) Sensation seeking and internet dependence of Taiwanese high school adolescents. Comput Hum Behav 18:411–426

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKenna K, Bargh J (2000) Plan 9 from cyberspace: the implications of the internet for personality and social psychology. Pers Soc Psychol Rev 4:57–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Möller HJ, Laux G, Deister A (2005) Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan C, Cotten S (2003) The relationship between internet activities and depressive symptoms in a sample of college freshmen. Cyberpsychol Behav 6:133–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mößle T, Kleimann M, Rehbein F (2007) Bildschirmmedien im Alltag von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Problematische Mediennutzungsmuster und ihr Zusammenhang mit Schulleistungen und Aggressivität. Nomos, Baden-Baden

    Google Scholar 

  • Orzack M, Orzack D (1999) Treatment of computer addicts with complex co-morbid psychiatric disorders. Cyberpsychol Behav 2:465–473

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petry J (2003) Pathologischer PC-Gebrauch: Nosologische Einordnung und Falldarstellungen. In: Ott R, Eichenberg C (eds) Klinische Psychologie und Internet. Potenziale für klinische Praxis, Intervention, Psychotherapie und Forschung. Hogrefe, Göttingen, pp 257–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Petry J, Jahreeiss R (1999) Stationäre medizinische Rehabilitation von "Pathologischen Glücksspielern": Differentialdiagnostik und Behandlungsindikation. Dtsch Rentenversicherung 4:196–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Ratey JJ, Johnson C (1998) Shadow syndromes: the mild forms of major mental disorders that sabotage US. Bantam Doubleday Dell, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal RJ (2003) Distribution of the DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling. Commentaries. Addiction 98:1674–1675

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saß H, Wittchen HU, Zaudig M (1998) Diagnostisches und Statistisches Manual Psychischer Störungen, DSM-IV, 2nd edn. Hogrefe, Göttingen

    Google Scholar 

  • Seemann O, Stefanek J, Quadflieg N, Grebener S, Kratzer S, Möller-Lehmkühler AM, Ziegler W, Engel RR, Hegerl U (2000) Wissenschaftliche Online-Umfrage zur Internetabhängigkeit. Forschritte Med 118:109–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaffer HJ, Hall MN, Vander-Bilt J (2000) “Computer addiction”: a critical consideration. Am J Orthopsychiatry 70:162–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shapira N, Goldsmith T, Keck P Jr, Khosla U, McElroy S (2000) Psychiatric features of individuals with problematic internet use. J Affect Disord 57:267–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shotton M (1989) Computer Addiction? A study of computer dependency. Taylor & Francis, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Soper WB, Miller MJ (1983) Junk time junkies: an emerging addiction among students. Sch Couns 31:40–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens T, Mulsow T (2006) There is no meaningful relationship between television exposure and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 117:665–672

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • te Wildt BT (2004) Psychische Wirkungen der neuen digitalen Medien. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 72:574–585

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • te Wildt BT, Kowalewski E, Meibeyer F, Huber T (2006) Identität und Dissoziation im Cyberspace: Kasuistik einer dissoziativen Identitätsstörung im Zusammenhang mit einem Internet-Rollenspiel. Nervenarzt 77:81–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thalemann R, Alebrecht U, Thalemann C, Grüsser SM (2004) Kurzbeschreibung und psychometrische Kennwerte des "Fragebogens zum Computerspielverhalten bei Kindern" (CSVK). Psychomed 16:116–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Yen JY, Ko CH, Yen CF, Chen SH, Chung WL, Chen CC (2008) Psychiatric symptoms in adolescents with internet addiction: comparison with substance use. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 62:9–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young KS (1996) Internet addiction: the emerge of a new clinical disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav 1:237–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young KS (1997) What makes the internet addictive: potential explanations for pathological internet use. Paper presented at the 105th annual conference of the American Psychological Association, August 15, 1997, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Young KS (1998a) Caught in the net. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Young KS (1998b) Internet addiction: symptoms, evaluation, and treatment. In: Vandecreek L, Jackson TL (eds) Innovations in clinical practice, vol 17. Professional Resource Press, Sarasota, pp 19–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerl HD, Panosch B (1998) “Internetsucht” – Eine neumodische Krankheit? Wien Z Suchtforschung 4:19–34

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bert Theodor teWildt .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

teWildt, B.T. (2011). Internet Dependency: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Therapy. In: Cornelius, K., Hermann, D. (eds) Virtual Worlds and Criminality. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20823-2_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics