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Surface Reactivity of Manufactured Nanoparticles

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Nanoethics and Nanotoxicology

Abstract

Manufactured nanoparticles are usually defined to be any intentionally produced particles with: 1.at least one space dimension in the range 1–100 nm, 2.novel or enhanced properties compared with larger particles of the same chemical composition.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Ostwald ripening is a spontaneous phenomenon in which the smallest particles dissolve and then recrystallise on the bigger ones, in such a way that the average particle size increases, without significant modification of the shape of the size distribution.

  2. 2.

    A free radical is an entity with one or more unpaired electrons in its outer shell, giving it a high reactivity.

  3. 3.

    The transition aluminas, and in particular γ-alumina, are widely used as catalysts or active phase supports in refining and petrochemistry. The catalytic properties depend on the texture of the material (specific surface area, porosity), but also on the physicochemical surface properties, which depend on the crystal faces. γ-alumina is obtained from boehmite γ-AlOOH by heat treatment via a topotactic transformation. The nature of the exposed crystal faces is thus related to those of the initial compound. This means that the surface properties of γ-alumina are already determined when the boehmite is synthesised.

  4. 4.

    The valence band is the band of highest energy that is fully occupied. The conduction band is the band of lowest energy that is empty or only partially filled.

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  1. Centre européen de recherche et d’enseignements des géosciences de l’environnement (CEREGE), UMR 6635 CNRS Aix/Marseille Université, Equipe SE3D Europole de l’Arbois, 80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France

    Mélanie Auffan

  2. Centre européen de recherche et d’enseignements des géosciences de l’environnement (CEREGE), UMR 6635 CNRS Aix/Marseille Université, Europole de l’Arbois, 80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France

    Jérôme Rose & Armand Masion

  3. Laboratoire de chimie de la matière condensée, UMR 7574 UPMC/CNRS Collège de France, Bât. C-D, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France

    Corinne Chanéac

  4. Laboratoire de chimie de la matière condensée, UMR 7574 UPMC/CNRS, Paris Collège de France, Bât. C-D, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France

    Jean-Pierre Jolivet

  5. Wiesner Research Group Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, 90287, Hudson Hall, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA

    Mark R. Wiesner

  6. Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Durham, USA

    Mark R. Wiesner

  7. Centre européen de recherche et d’enseignements des géosciences de l’environnement (CEREGE), UMR 6635, CNRS/Université d’Aix-Marseille, Europole de l’Arbois, 80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France

    Jean-Yves Bottero

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Auffan, M. et al. (2011). Surface Reactivity of Manufactured Nanoparticles. In: Houdy, P., Lahmani, M., Marano, F. (eds) Nanoethics and Nanotoxicology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20177-6_12

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