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Botulinum Toxins

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Aesthetic Medicine

Abstract

In minute doses, purified BTX-A injected into facial muscles causes temporary chemodenervation. Partial or complete paralysis of selected muscles of facial expression reduces hyperdynamic wrinkles, improves the position or shape of the brow and mouth, and even contours the face. There are discussions on the mechanisms of action of botulinum toxin, clinical effects, anatomy, indications, facial assessment, and general techniques.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Venus Medical, Heritage House, Dundrum Office Park, Dublin 14, Ireland

    Peter M. Prendergast

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  1. Peter M. Prendergast
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Correspondence to Peter M. Prendergast .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Heritage House, Dundrum Office Park, Venus Medical Beauty, Dundrum, Dublin, 14, Ireland

    Peter M. Prendergast

  2. Chatham Drive 17501, Tustin, 92780-2302, California, USA

    Melvin A. Shiffman

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© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Prendergast, P.M. (2012). Botulinum Toxins. In: Prendergast, P., Shiffman, M. (eds) Aesthetic Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20113-4_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20113-4_10

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-20112-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-20113-4

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