Abstract
Combustion is understood to be the oxidation of a fuel with the release of energy. Carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) are oxidized in the presence of Oxygen (O) to form carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O), respectively.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
According to prEN 14961-2, pellets for non-industrial utilization should have a minimum length 3.15 mm and maximally 40 mm, 1 % of the pellets being allowed to exceed this length limit up to a maximum of 45 mm.
- 2.
The term "particulate matter" or "extra-fine particles" describes a complex mixture of solid and/or liquid organic and inorganic pollutants ejected into the air. The particles vary in size, composition and origin and are described by means of their particle size or aerodynamic diameter (PM means particulate matter) [21].
- 3.
Aerosols are formed by the release of aerosol-forming components (relevant elements: K, Na, S, Cl, Zn, Pb) from the fuel and the subsequent formation of particles via nucleation of ash-forming vapors and by particle growth through condensation and agglomeration. The flue ash emissions from the complete combustion of biomass consist essentially of potassium sulphates, potassium chlorides and potassium carbonates (salts) [22].
References
Kaltschmitt M, Hartmann H (2009) Energy from biomass—principles, techniques and methods. Springer, Berlin
Nussbaumer Th (2000) Part 1: principles of wood combustion. Lecture on wood energy, Schweizer Baudokumentation (BHMSV 00550), Blauen (CH)
Obernberger I, Thek G (2004) Physical characterisation and chemical composition of densified biomass fuels with regards to their combustion behaviour. Biomass Bioenergy 27:653–659
Struschka M (1993) Wood combustion in heating systems, principles—emissions—development of low-emission tiled stoves. VDI Progress Reports, Series 15, No 108. VDI-Verlag Düsseldorf
van Loo S, Koppejan J (2002) Handbook of biomass combustion and co-firing. Twente University Press, Enschede (NL)
Zuberbühler U (2002) Measures for reducing heating system emissions in the combustion of wood in commercial heating systems, Dissertation, Stuttgart University, Institute for Process Engineering and Boiler Technology, Report No 50
Jelitto M (2006) Definitions for terms involving evaluation, Homepage http://www.evaluieren.de/evaluat.ion/definiti.htm
Witt J, Lenz V (2007) Mixed wood pellets—a chance for the retail market? 7th Industry Forum on Pellets, Proceedings Stuttgart, pp 76–83
Härdtlein M, Eltrop L, Thraen D (2004) Prerequisites for the standardization of solid biogeneic fuels. Renewable Raw Materials Series vol 23. Landwirtschaftsverlag Münster
DIN EN 14961-1DIN EN 14961-1 (2010) Solid biofuels. Fuel Specifications and Classes–Part 1: General Requirements; German Version EN 14961-1: 2010. Replaces DIN/CEN 14061: 2005-05 and partially replaces DIN 51731_1996-10, Standardisation Commission on Testing of Materials (NMP) in the DIN
BImSchVBImSchV (Federal Immission Control Act, 14 Aug 2003) First act for implementing the Federal Immission Control Law (Article 1 of the act relating to the new version of the First and change of the Fourth Act on implementation of the Federal Immission Control Law–Act on Smsll and Medium-sized Heating Systems–Federal Law Gazette
prEN 14961-2 (2010) Solid biofuels. fuel specifications and classes—Part 2: wood pellets for non-industrial use, European Committee for Standardization
prEN 14961-6 (2009) Solid fuels—quality assurance of fuels—Part 6: non-wood-like pellets for non-industrial use, European Committee for Standardization
Fachagentur für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V (Publ.) (2005) Bioenergy guidelines–planning, operation and cost effectiveness of bioenergy systems, Promoted by the Federal Ministry for Consumer Protection, Nutrition and Agriculture (BMVEL) updated version
Lethigangas P (2001) Quality properties of pelletized sawdust, logging residues and bark. Biomass Bioenergy 20: 351–360
Witt J, Kaltschmitt M (2007) Biomass pellets for the power plant sector—a market analysis. VGB PowerTech No.9, pp 94–101
Hartmann H et al. (2000) Untreated solid biogenic fuels, properties and influencing factors related to the environment, Bavarian State Ministry for Land Development and Environmental Questions “Materials” Series No. 154. Munich
VDI 4661 (2003) Energy Parameters. Definitions, terms, methodology, Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (Association of German Engineers), Düsseldorf, Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin
Poehler Rotach E, Seubert Hunziker H (2001) Wood facts II—Part 2: wood chemistry, scripts of the chair in wood sciences, ETH Zürich
Granström K (2009) Emissions of hexanal and terpenes during storage of wood sawdust and pellets. Karlstad University, Department of Energy, Environmental and building technology, International Bioenergy Conference, Jyväskyla (FIN)
Witt J, Rensberg N et al (2009) Analysis of the current and future market potential of wood pellets in the German and European context, unpublished study, German Biomass Research Center (DBFZ), Leipzig
Obernberger I Thek G (2009) Production and utilization of wood pellets, series on thermal biomass utilization, vol 5, Technical University Graz, Institute for Process Technology
Lenz V (2008) Current results on the toxicity of particulate straw matter. 1st International Seminar on Straw Energy 2008. Jena
Böhm T (2006) Methods for determining physical quality features and the water content of solid biognic fuels Dissertation, Munich TU, Department for Biogenic Raw Materials and Technology of Land Utilization
Kaltschmitt M, Wiese A, Streicher W (2003) Renewable energies—system engineering, cost effectiveness, environmental aspects. Springer, Berlin
Maciejewska A, Veringa H et al. (2006) Co-firing of biomass with coal: constraints and role of biomass pre-treatment, DG JRC Institute for Energy (European Commission Joint Research Centre), EUR 222461 EN
Siegle V (2000) Biogenic fuels in conditioning and combustion. Dissertation, Institute for Process Engineering and Boiler Technology (IVD), Stuttgart University
Aeckersberg R, Schlaug W, Witt J (2008) Optimization of the pellet production, final report of the fnr research report (fkz 22006104) of the rwth aachen. Institute for Energy Technology and Environment MANN Engineering GmbH
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Döring, S. (2013). Combustion Characteristics. In: Power from Pellets. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19962-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19962-2_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-19961-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-19962-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)