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Abstract

While envisaging the convergence developments perceptible in the world with regard to the procedural structure of competition and antitrust laws, one must also question whether the apparent effort to cooperate can contribute to establishing a greater conformity or convergence of proceedings as well. This depends first on the exact terms of cooperation (Sect. 4.1), the shape of “Global Enforcement Standards” and the international actors and networks contributing to the concretization of these standards (Sect. 4.2). These considerations aim at answering the question whether there is a “World Competition Law in the making” (Sect. 4.3).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See for example §§ 50a–c of the German ARC; for a take on the area of European Competition Law see Hossenfelder in Loewenheim, Meessen and Riesenkampff (Eds.), Kartellrecht, Band 1 (Europäisches Recht), Art. 11 VerfVO paras. 1 et seq; in regard to the bilateral cooperation between the competition authorities of EU and U.S. see Mestmäcker and Schweitzer, Europäisches Wettbewerbsrecht, 2nd ed. (C. H. Beck, 2004), § 6 paras. 96 et seq.

  2. 2.

    See Becker in Loewenheim, Meessen and Riesenkampff (Eds.), Kartellrecht, Band 2 (GWB) (C. H. Beck, 2006), § 50b GWB paras. 1 et seq.

  3. 3.

    Göranson and Reindl in Terhechte (Ed.), Internationales Kartell- und Fusionskontrollverfahrensrecht (Gieseking, 2008), § 75 paras. 18 and 23; on the problems of “young” competition authorities see generally Serebrisky, “What Do We Know about Competition Agencies in Emerging and Transition Countries? Evidence on Workload, Personnel, Priority Sectors and Training Needs”, 27 World Competition (2004), 651; see also Kovacic, “Designing and Implementation Competition and Consumer Protection Reforms in Transitional Countries – Perspectives from Mongolia, Nepal, Ukraine, and Zimbabwe”, 44 DePaul Law Review (1995), 1197.

  4. 4.

    See <http://lawprofessors.typepad.com/antitrustprof_blog/>; see also the blog of the Antitrust Review <http://www.antitrustreview.com>.

  5. 5.

    An overview provides <http://www.abanet.org/antitrust/at-source/at-source.html>.

  6. 6.

    <http://www-wds.worldbank.org>.

  7. 7.

    <http://www.oecd.org/publications>.

  8. 8.

    For example the database on competition law of Oxford University, available at <http://www.competition-law.ox.ac.uk/competition/portal.php> or the links provided by Princeton University Library (International and Foreign Legal Research), available at <http://firestone.princeton.edu/law/intlforrg.php>.

  9. 9.

    Regarding results of the ICN see Rasek in Terhechte (Ed.), Internationales Kartell- und Fusionskontrollverfahrensrecht (Gieseking, 2008), § 83 para. 10.

  10. 10.

    Regarding convergence based on implementation of the working results of the ICN cf. Rasek in Terhechte (Ed.), Internationales Kartell- und Fusionskontrollverfahrensrecht (Gieseking, 2008), § 83 para. 24.

  11. 11.

    Göranson and Reindl in Terhechte (Ed.), Internationales Kartell- und Fusionskontrollverfahrensrecht (Gieseking, 2008), § 75 para. 18.

  12. 12.

    Weisweiler in Terhechte (Ed.), Internationales Kartell- und Fusionskontrollverfahrensrecht (Gieseking, 2008), § 76 para. 1.

  13. 13.

    Resolution 35/62 of 5 December 1980, available at <http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/tdrbpconf10r2.en.pdf>; Weisweiler in Terhechte (Ed.), Internationales Kartell- und Fusionskontrollverfahrensrecht (Gieseking, 2008), § 76 paras. 19 et seq; Basedow, Weltkartellrecht (Mohr Siebeck, 1998), p. 65 et seq; Fikentscher and Straub, “Der RBP-Kodex der Vereinten Nationen: Weltkartellrechtsrichtlinien”, Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht Internationaler Teil (1982), 637 et seq.

  14. 14.

    Terhechte, “Das Internationale Kartellrecht zwischen Extraterritorialität und Konvergenz” in Bungenberg and Meessen (Eds.), Das internationale Wirtschaftsrecht im Schatten des 11 September 2001 (Boorberg, 2004), 87 et seq. with further references.

  15. 15.

    Basedow, Weltkartellrecht (Mohr Siebeck, 1998), p. 111.

  16. 16.

    From the perspective of the U.S. Waller, “Comparative Competition Law as a Form of Empiricism”, 23 Brook. Journal of International Law (1997), 455; Fox, “Toward World Antitrust and Market Access”, 91 American Journal of International Law (1997), 1 et seq.

  17. 17.

    To be found in Wirtschaft und Wettbewerb (1994), 128, in Fikentscher and Immenga (Eds.), Der Draft International Antitrust Code (Nomos, 1995), p. 53 et seq. as well as in Basedow, Weltkartellrecht (Mohr Siebeck, 1998), p. 142 et seq; cf. Fikentscher and Drexl, “Der Draft International Antitrust Code”, Recht der Internationalen Wirtschaft (1994), 93 et seq; Fikentscher, “Der Draft International Antitrust Code in der Diskussion”, Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht Internationaler Teil (1996), 543 et seq; Fikentscher, Heinemann and Kunz-Hallstein, “Das Kartellrecht des Immaterialgüterschutzes im Draft International Antitrust Code”, Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht Internationaler Teil (1995), 757 et seq.

  18. 18.

    See generally Herrmann in Terhechte (Ed.), Internationales Kartell- und Fusionskontrollverfahrensrecht (Gieseking, 2008), § 74 para. 45 with further references.

  19. 19.

    Regarding the concept of the DIAC and its fundamental principles, which also include the establishment of a special international cartel monitoring body, Fikentscher and Heinemann, “Der Draft International Antitrust Code – Initiative für ein Weltkartellrecht im Rahmen des GATT”, Wirtschaft und Wettbewerb (1994), 97; specifically with regard to institutional questions of a possible global cartel law see also Kerber, “An International Multi-Level System of Competition Laws: Federalism and Antitrust” in Drexl (Ed.), The Future of Transnational Antitrust (Staempfli, 2003), 269 et seq.

  20. 20.

    Likewise Basedow, Weltkartellrecht (Mohr Siebeck, 1998), p. 77 et seq.

  21. 21.

    See for example Basedow (Ed.), Limits and Control of Competition with a View to International Harmonization (Kluwer, 2002); Bingaman, “Internationales Antitrustrecht und gegenwärtige Rechtsanwendung”, Wirtschaft und Wettbewerb (1995), 304; Conrad, Die Notwendigkeit, die Möglichkeiten und die Grenzen einer internationalen Wettbewerbsordnung (Duncker & Humblot Verlag, 2005); Drexl (Ed.), The Future of Transnational Antitrust. From Comparative to Common Competition Law (Staempfli, 2003); id., Perspektiven eines Weltkartellrechts (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 1998); Karl, “Auf dem Weg zu einer globalen Kartellrechtsordnung”, Recht der Internationalen Wirtschaft (1996), 633; Kennedy, Competition Law and the World Trade Organisation: The Limits of Multilateralism (Sweet & Maxwell, 2001); Meessen, “Das Für und Wider eines Weltkartellrechts”, Wirtschaft und Wettbewerb (2000), 5; Podszun, Internationales Kartellverfahrensrecht (Staempfli, 2003); Weintraub, “Globalization’s Effect on Antitrust Law”, 34 New England Law Review (1999), 27.

  22. 22.

    Freytag and Zimmermann, “Muss die internationale Handelsordnung um eine Wettbewerbsordnung erweitert werden?”, 62 Rabels Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht (1998), 38 et seq; see also Fikentscher, “Entwürfe auf dem Wege zu einem transnationalen Wirtschaftsrecht” in Beuthien et al. (Eds.), Festschrift für Dieter Medicus (Carl Heymanns, 1999), 109 et seq.

  23. 23.

    See generally Meessen, “Das Für und Wider eines Weltkartellrechts”, Wirtschaft und Wettbewerb (2000), 5 et seq; Phillips, “Comments on the Draft International Antitrust Code”, 49 Aussenwirtschaft (1994), 327.

  24. 24.

    In-depth Tarullo, “Norms and Institutions in Global Competition Policy”, 94 American Journal of International Law (2000), 478; Ehlermann, “WTO-Wettbewerbsregeln: Lehren aus den bestehenden Streitbeilegungsverfahren” in FIW (Ed.), Konvergenz der Wettbewerbsrechte – Eine Welt, ein Kartellrecht (Carl Heymanns, 2002), 93 et seq.

  25. 25.

    Terhechte in id. (Ed.), Internationales Kartell- und Fusionskontrollverfahrensrecht (Gieseking, 2008), § 3 para. 6.

  26. 26.

    Cf. Montag, “Konvergenz bei internationalen Fusionen” in FIW (Ed.), Konvergenz der Wettbewerbsrechte – Eine Welt, ein Kartellrecht (Carls Heymanns, 2002), 39 et seq; Heckenberger, “Probleme der globalisierten Fusionskontrolle aus der Sicht eines Unternehmensjuristen” in Schwarze (Ed.), Europäisches Wettbewerbsrecht im Zeichen der Globalisierung (Nomos, 2002), 89 et seq.

  27. 27.

    Terhechte in id. (Ed.), Internationales Kartell- und Fusionskontrollverfahrensrecht (Gieseking, 2008), § 1 para. 14.

  28. 28.

    Cf. for example the report on the Costs and Burdens of Multijurisdictional Merger Review (2004) by the Mergers Working Group (Notification and Procedures Subgroup) of ICN, available at <http://www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org>.

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Terhechte, J.P. (2011). Procedural Convergence Through Cooperation?. In: International Competition Enforcement Law Between Cooperation and Convergence. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17167-3_4

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