Skip to main content

Stress-Induced Buildup of Screening Pigments

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Photoprotection in Plants

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Biophysics ((BIOPHYSICS,volume 14))

  • 823 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter extends the discussion of screening pigments with an outline of possible mechanisms for the induction and regulation of their biosynthesis under stresses. Typical patterns of changes in pigment content and composition during the accumulation of screening pigments in plants are presented. Special attention is paid to the role of solar UV radiation in the induction of phenolics (which are admittedly the most ubiquitous and probably most studied screening pigment group) and to photostability of extrathylakoid carotenoids (the screening function of which is being vigorously investigated).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agati G, Galardi C, Gravano E, Romani A, Tattini M (2002) Flavonoid distribution in tissues of Phillyrea latifolia L. leaves as estimated by microspectrofluorometry and multispectral fluorescence microimaging. Photochem Photobiol 76:350–360

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agati G, Stefano G, Biricolti S, Tattini M (2009) Mesophyll distribution of ‘antioxidant’ flavonoid glycosides in Ligustrum vulgare leaves under contrasting sunlight irradiance. Ann Bot 104:853–861

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asada K (2006) Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts and their functions. Plant Physiol 141:391–396

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beggs C, Wellmann E (1994) Photocontrol of flavonoid biosynthesis. In: Kendrick R, Kronenberg G (eds) Photomorphogenesis in plants, vol 2. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 733–750

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Beggs C, Schneider-Ziebert U, Wellmann E (1986) UV-B radiation and adaptive mechanisms in plants. In: Worrest R, Caldwell M (eds) Stratospheric ozone reduction. Solar ultraviolet radiation and plant life. Springer, Berlin, pp 235–250

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Amotz A, Avron M (1983) On the factors which determine massive β-carotene accumulation in the halotolerant alga Dunaliella bardawil. Plant Physiol 72:593–597

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Amotz A, Katz A, Avron M (1982) Accumulation of β-carotene in halotolerant alge: purification and characterization of β-carotene-rich globules from Dunaliella bardawil (Chlorophyceae). J Phycol 18:529–537

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Amotz A, Shaish A, Avron M (1989) Mode of action of the massively accumulated β-carotene of Dunaliella bardawil in protecting the alga against damage by excess irradiation. Plant Physiol 86:1286–1291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bidel L, Meyer S, Goulas Y, Cadot Y, Cerovic Z (2007) Responses of epidermal phenolic compounds to light acclimation: In vivo qualitative and quantitative assessment using chlorophyll fluorescence excitation spectra in leaves of three woody species. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 88:163–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bigogno C, Khozin-Goldberg I, Boussiba S, Vonshak A, Cohen Z (2002) Lipid and fatty acid composition of the green oleaginous alga Parietochloris incisa, the richest plant source of arachidonic acid. Phytochemistry 60:497–503

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bilger W, Rolland M, Nybakken L (2007) UV screening in higher plants induced by low temperature in the absence of UV-B radiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 6:190–195

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blanke M, Lenz F (1989) Fruit photosynthesis. Plant Cell Environ 12:31–46

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bornman J (1999) Localisation and functional significance of flavonoids and related compounds. In: Rozema J (ed) Stratospheric ozone depletion: the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on terrestrial ecosystems. Backhuys, Leiden, pp 59–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Bornman J, Reuber S, Cen Y, Weissenböck G (1997) Ultraviolet radiation as a stress factor and the role of protective pigments. In: Plants and UV-B: responses to environmental change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 157–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Borowitzka MA, Borowitzka LJ, Kessly D (1990) Effects of salinity increase on carotenoid accumulation in the green alga Dunaliella salina. J Appl Phycol 2:111–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boussiba S (2000) Carotenogenesis in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis: cellular physiology and stress response. Physiol Planta 108:111–117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouvier F, Hugueney P, d'Harlingue A, Kuntz M, Camara B (1994) Xanthophyll biosynthesis in chromoplasts: isolation and molecular cloning of an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of 5, 6-epoxycarotenoid into ketocarotenoid. Plant J 6:45–54

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouvier F, Backhaus R, Camara B (1998) Induction and control of chromoplast-specific carotenoid genes by oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 273:30651–30659

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breithaupt D, Bamedi A (2001) Carotenoid esters in vegetables and fruits: a screening with emphasis on β-cryptoxanthin esters. J Agric Food Chem 49:2064–2070

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burchard P, Bilger W, Weissenbock G (2000) Contribution of hydroxycinnamates and flavonoids to epidermal shielding of UV-A and UV-B radiation in developing rye primary leaves as assessed by ultraviolet-induced chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Plant Cell Environ 23:1373–1380

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell M, Bornman J, Ballare C, Flint S, Kulandaivelu G (2007) Terrestrial ecosystems, increased solar ultraviolet radiation, and interactions with other climate change factors. Photochem Photobiol Sci 6:252–266

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cecchi F, De Martino G, Bellincontro A, Botondi R, Mencarelli F (2005) Influence of sunlight exposure and postharvest ethylene control on carotenoids content of peach fruit. Acta Hortic 682:329–336

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cerovic Z et al (2002) The use of chlorophyll fluorescence excitation spectra for the non-destructive in situ assessment of UV-absorbing compounds in leaves. Plant Cell Environ 25:1663–1676

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chalker-Scott L (1999) Environmental significance of anthocyanins in plant stress responses. Photochem Photobiol 70:1–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheynier V (2006) Flavonoids in wine. In: Andersen Ø, Markham K (eds) Flavonoids: chemistry, biochemistry, and applications. CRC Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, pp 263–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Choudhury N, Behera R (2001) Photoinhibition of photosynthesis: Role of carotenoids in photoprotection of chloroplast constituents. Photosynthetica 39:481–488

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Close D, McArthur C (2002) Rethinking the role of many plant phenolics-protection from photodamage not herbivores? Oikos 99:166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cockell C, Knowland J (1999) Ultraviolet radiation screening compounds. Biol Rev 74:311–345

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham F Jr, Gantt E (1998) Genes and enzymes of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants. Annu Rev Plant Biol 49:557–583

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Czeczuga B (1987) Different rhodoxanthin contents in the leaves of gymnosperms grown under various light intensities. Biochem Syst Ecol 15:531–533

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Czygan F (1970) Blood-rain and blood-snow: nitrogen-deficient cells of Haematococcus pluvialis and Chlamydomonas nivalis. Arch Mikrobiol 74:69

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeLucia E, Day T, Vogelman T (1992) Ultraviolet-B and visible light penetration into needles of two species of subalpine conifers during foliar development. Plant Cell Environ 15:921–929

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diaz M, Ball E, Luttge U (1990) Stress-induced accumulation of the xanthophyll rhodoxanthin in leaves of Aloe vera. Plant Physiol Biochem 28:679–682

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon R, Paiva N (1995) Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell 7:1085–1097

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ensminger P, Schäfer E (1992) Blue and ultraviolet-B light photoreceptors in parsley cells. Photochem Photobiol 55:437–447

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ensminger I, Busch F, Huner N (2006) Photostasis and cold acclimation: sensing low temperature through photosynthesis. Physiol Planta 126:28–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foyer C, Noctor G (2005) Oxidant and antioxidant signalling in plants: a re-evaluation of the concept of oxidative stress in a physiological context. Plant Cell Environ 28:1056–1071

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merzlyak M, Solovchenko A, Pogosyan S (2005) Optical properties of rhodoxanthin accumulated in Aloe arborescens Mill. leaves under high-light stress with special reference to its photoprotective function. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 4, 333–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grace S, Logan B, Adams W (1998) Seasonal differences in foliar content of chlorogenic acid, a phenylpropanoid antioxidant, in Mahonia repens. Plant Cell Environ 21:513–521

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross J (1987) Carotenoids: pigments in fruits. Food science and technology. Series of monographs. Academic, London, pp 87–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagen C, Braune W, Björn L (1994) Functional aspects of secondary carotenoids in Haematococcus lacustris (Volvocales) III. Action as a sunshade. J Phycol 30:241–248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hahlbrock K, Scheel D (1989) Physiology and molecular biology of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Annu Rev Plant Biol 40:347–369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Han Q, Shinohara K, Kakubari Y, Mukai Y (2003) Photoprotective role of rhodoxanthin during cold acclimation in Cryptomeria japonica. Plant Cell Environ 26:715–723

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Han Q, Katahata S, Kakubari Y, Mukai Y (2004) Seasonal changes in the xanthophyll cycle and antioxidants in sun-exposed and shaded parts of the crown of Cryptomeria japonica in relation to rhodoxanthin accumulation during cold acclimation. Tree Physiol 24:609

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanagata N, Dubinsky Z (1999) Secondary carotenoid accumulation in Scenedesmus komarekii (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta). J Phycol 35:960–966

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harborne J (2001) Twenty-five years of chemical ecology. Nat Prod Rep 18:361–379

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Havaux M, Kloppstech K (2001) The protective functions of carotenoid and flavonoid pigments against excess visible radiation at chilling temperature investigated in Arabidopsis npq and tt mutants. Planta 213:953–966

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirschberg J (2001) Carotenoid biosynthesis in flowering plants. Curr Opin Plant Biol 4:210–218

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoch W, Zeldin E, McCown B (2001a) Physiological significance of anthocyanins during autumnal leaf senescence. Tree Physiol 21:1

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoch W, Zeldin E, McCown B (2001b) Physiological significance of anthocyanins during autumnal leaf senescence. Tree Physiol 21:1

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoch W, Singsaas E, McCown B (2003) Resorption protection. Anthocyanins facilitate nutrient recovery in autumn by shielding leaves from potentially damaging light levels. Plant Physiol 133:1296–1305

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hormaetxe K, Becerril J, Fleck I, Pintó M, Garcia-Plazaola J (2005) Functional role of red (retro)-carotenoids as passive light filters in the leaves of Buxus sempervirens L.: increased protection of photosynthetic tissues? J Exp Bot 56:2629–2636

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hormaetxe K, Becerril J, Hernández A, Esteban R, Garcia-Plazaola J (2007) Plasticity of photoprotective mechanisms of Buxus sempervirens L. leaves in response to extreme temperatures. Plant Biol 9:59–68

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hornero-Mendez D, Minguez-Mosquera M (2000) Xanthophyll esterification accompanying carotenoid overaccumulation in chromoplast of Capsicum annuum ripening fruits is a constitutive process and useful for ripeness index. J Agric Food Chem 48:1617–1622

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horton P, Ruban A (2005) Molecular design of the photosystem II light-harvesting antenna: photosynthesis and photoprotection. J Exp Bot 56:365–373

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes N, Morley C, Smith W (2007) Coordination of anthocyanin decline and photosynthetic maturation in juvenile leaves of three deciduous tree species. New Phytol 175:675–685

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huner N et al (1996) Sensing environmental temperature change through imbalances between energy supply and energy consumption: redox state of photosystem II. Physiol Planta 98:358–364

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huner N, Öquist G, Sarhan F (1998) Energy balance and acclimation to light and cold. Trends Plant Sci 3:224–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibdah M, Krins A, Seidlitz H, Heller W, Strack D, Vogt T (2002) Spectral dependence of flavonol and betacyanin accumulation in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum under enhanced ultraviolet radiation. Plant Cell Environ 25:1145–1154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ida K, Saito F, Takeda S (1991) Isomers of rhodoxanthin in reddish brown leaves of gymnosperms and effect of daylight intensity on the contents of pigments during autumnal coloration. J Plant Res 104:157–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Jahnke L (1999) Massive carotenoid accumulation in Dunaliella bardawil induced by ultraviolet-A radiation. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 48:68–74

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jansen M, Gaba V, Greenberg B (1998) Higher plants and UV-B radiation: balancing damage, repair and acclimation. Trends Plant Sci 3:131–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins GI (2009) Signal transduction in responses to UV-B radiation. Annu Rev Plant Biol 60:407–431

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karageorgou P, Manetas Y (2006) The importance of being red when young: anthocyanins and the protection of young leaves of Quercus coccifera from insect herbivory and excess light. Tree Physiol 26:613

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khozin-Goldberg I, Shrestha P, Cohen Z (2005) Mobilization of arachidonyl moieties from triacylglycerols into chloroplastic lipids following recovery from nitrogen starvation of the microalga Parietochloris incisa. Biochim Biophys Acta 1738:63–71

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klisch M, Häder D (2002) Wavelength dependence of mycosporine-like amino acid synthesis in Gyrodinium dorsum. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 66:60–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knee M (1988) Carotenol esters in developing apple fruits. Phytochemistry 27:1005–1009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolb C, Pfundel E (2005) Origins of non-linear and dissimilar relationships between epidermal UV absorbance and UV absorbance of extracted phenolics in leaves of grapevine and barley. Plant Cell Environ 28:580–590

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolb C, Kaser M, Kopecky J, Zotz G, Riederer M, Pfündel E (2001) Effects of natural intensities of visible and ultraviolet radiation on epidermal ultraviolet screening and photosynthesis in grape leaves. Plant Physiol 127:863–875

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolb C, Kopecky J, Riederer M, Pfundel E (2003) UV screening by phenolics in berries of grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Funct Plant Biol 30:1177–1186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolb C, Wirth E, Kaiser W, Meister A, Riederer M, Pfundel E (2006) Noninvasive evaluation of the degree of ripeness in grape berries (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Bacchus and Silvaner) by chlorophyll fluorescence. J Agric Food Chem 54:299–305

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lancaster J, Grant J, Lister C, Taylor M (1994) Skin color in apples: influence of copigmentation and plastid pigments on shade and darkness of red color in five genotypes. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 119:63–69

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lancaster J, Reay P, Norris J, Butler R (2000) Induction of flavonoids and phenolic acids in apple by UV-B and temperature. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 75:142–148

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lers A, Levy H, Zamir A (1991) Co-regulation of a gene homologous to early light-induced genes in higher plants and β-carotene biosynthesis in the alga Dunaliella bardawil. J Biol Chem 266:13698–13705

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy H, Gokhman I, Zamir A (1992) Regulation and light-harvesting complex II association of a Dunaliella protein homologous to early light-induced proteins in higher plants. J Biol Chem 267:18831–18836

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy H, Tal T, Shaish A, Zamir A (1993) Cbr, an algal homolog of plant early light-induced proteins, is a putative zeaxanthin binding protein. J Biol Chem 268:20892–20896

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liakoura V, Bornman J, Karabourniotis G (2003) The ability of abaxial and adaxial epidermis of sun and shade leaves to attenuate UV-A and UV-B radiation in relation to the UV absorbing capacity of the whole leaf methanolic extracts. Physiol Planta 117:33–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenthaler H (1969a) Die plastoglobuli von spinat, ihre grösse, isolierung und lipochinonzusammensetzung. Protoplasma 68:65–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenthaler H (1969b) Plastoglobuli und lipochinongehalt der chloroplasten von Cereus peruvianus (L.) Mill. Planta 87:304–310

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lingakumar K, Amudha P, Kulandaivelu G (1999) Exclusion of solar UV-B (280-315 nm) radiation on vegetative growth and photosynthetic activities in Vigna unguiculata L. Plant Sci 148:97–103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Logemann E, Tavernaro A, Schulz W, Somssich I, Hahlbrock K (2000) UV light selectively coinduces supply pathways from primary metabolism and flavonoid secondary product formation in parsley. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:1903–1907

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lohr M, Wilhelm C (1999) Algae displaying the diadinoxanthin cycle also possess the violaxanthin cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:8784–8789

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mackerness S (2000) Plant responses to ultraviolet-B (UV-B: 280–320 nm) stress: what are the key regulators? Plant Growth Regul 32:27–39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Markham K (1989) Flavones, flavonols and their glycosides. In: Harborne J, Dey P (eds) Methods in plant biochemistry, vol 1. Academic, London, pp 197–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathis P, Kleo J (1973) The triplet state of -carotene and of analog polyenes of different length. Photochem Photobiol 18:343–346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayzaud P, Chanut J, Ackman R (1989) Seasonal changes of the biochemical composition of marine particulate matter with special reference to fatty acids and sterols. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 56:189–204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendoza H, Martel A, Jimenez del Rio M, Garcia Reina G (1999) Oleic acid is the main fatty acid related with carotenogenesis in Dunaliella salina. J Appl Phycol 11:15–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merzlyak MN, Chivkunova OB (2000) Light-stress-induced pigment changes and evidence for anthocyanin photoprotection in apples. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 55:155–163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merzlyak M, Solovchenko A (2002) Photostability of pigments in ripening apple fruit: a possible photoprotective role of carotenoids during plant senescence. Plant Sci 163:881–888

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merzlyak M, Gitelson A, Pogosyan S, Lekhimena L, Chivkunova O (1998) Light-induced pigment degradation in leaves and ripening fruits studied in situ with reflectance spectroscopy. Physiol Planta 104:661–667

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merzlyak M, Gitelson A, Chivkunova O, Rakitin V (1999) Non-destructive optical detection of pigment changes during leaf senescence and fruit ripening. Physiol Planta 106:135–141

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merzlyak M, Solovchenko A, Chivkunova O (2002) Patterns of pigment changes in apple fruits during adaptation to high sunlight and sunscald development. Plant Physiol Biochem 40:679–684

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merzlyak M, Solovchenko A, Gitelson A (2003) Reflectance spectral features and non-destructive estimation of chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin content in apple fruit. Postharvest Biol Technol 27:197–212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merzlyak M, Solovchenko A, Pogosyan S (2005a) Optical properties of rhodoxanthin accumulated in Aloe arborescens Mill. leaves under high-light stress with special reference to its photoprotective function. Photochem Photobiol Sci 4:333–340

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merzlyak MN, Solovchenko AE, Smagin AI, Gitelson AA (2005b) Apple flavonols during fruit adaptation to solar radiation: spectral features and technique for non-destructive assessment. J Plant Physiol 162:151–160

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merzlyak MN, Chivkunova OB, Solovchenko AE, Naqvi KR (2008a) Light absorption by anthocyanins in juvenile, stressed, and senescing leaves. J Exp Bot 59:3903–3911

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merzlyak MN, Melo TB, Naqvi KR (2008b) Effect of anthocyanins, carotenoids, and flavonols on chlorophyll fluorescence excitation spectra in apple fruit: signature analysis, assessment, modelling, and relevance to photoprotection. J Exp Bot 59:349–359

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mogedas B, Casal C, Forján E, Vílchez C (2009) β-Carotene production enhancement by UV-A radiation in Dunaliella bardawil cultivated in laboratory reactors. J Biosci Bioeng 108:47–51

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mol J, Jenkins G, Schäfer E, Weiss D, Walbot V (1996) Signal perception, transduction, and gene expression involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Crit Rev Plant Sci 15:525–557

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan-Kiss R, Priscu J, Pocock T, Gudynaite-Savitch L, Huner N (2006) Adaptation and acclimation of photosynthetic microorganisms to permanently cold environments. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 70:222–252

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munné-Bosch S, Alegre L (2002) Plant aging increases oxidative stress in chloroplasts. Planta 214:608–615

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munné-Bosch S, Lalueza P (2007) Age-related changes in oxidative stress markers and abscisic acid levels in a drought-tolerant shrub, Cistus clusii grown under Mediterranean field conditions. Planta 225:1039–1049

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olsen K et al (2009) Temperature and nitrogen effects on regulators and products of the flavonoid pathway: experimental and kinetic model studies. Plant Cell Environ 32:286–299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olsson L, Veit M, Weissenböck G, Bornman J (1998) Differential flavonoid response to enhanced UV-B radiation in Brassica napus. Phytochemistry 49:1021–1028

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ort D (2001) When there is too much light. Plant Physiol 125:29–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parisi A, Downs N (2004) Variation of the enhanced biologically damaging solar UV due to clouds. Photochem Photobiol Sci 3:643–647

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pick U (1998) Dunaliella: a model extremophilic alga. Isr J Plant Sci 46:131–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabbani S, Beyer P, Lintig J, Hugueney P, Kleinig H (1998) Induced β-carotene synthesis driven by triacylglycerol deposition in the unicellular alga Dunaliella bardawil. Plant Physiol 116:1239–1248

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reuber S, Bornman J, Weissenböck G (1996) Phenylpropanoid compounds in primary leaf tissues of rye (Secale cereale). Light response of their metabolism and the possible role in UV-B protection. Physiol Planta 97:160–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rozema J, van de Staaij J, Bjцrn L, Caldwell M (1997) UV-B as an environmental factor in plant life: stress and regulation. Trends Ecol Evol 12:22–28

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saure M (1990) External control of anthocyanin formation in apple: a review. Sci Hortic 42:181–218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schnitzler J et al (1996) Tissue localization of UV-B-screening pigments and of chalcone synthase mRNA in needles of Scots pine seedlings. New Phytol 132:247–258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaish A, Avron M, Pick U, Ben-Amotz A (1993) Are active oxygen species involved in induction of β-carotene in Dunaliella bardawil? Planta 190:363–368

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shick J, Dunlap W (2002) Mycosporine-like amino acids and related gadusols: biosynthesis, accumulation, and UV-protective functions in aquatic organisms. Annu Rev Physiol 64:223–262

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha R, Klisch M, Gröniger A, Häder D (2001) Responses of aquatic algae and cyanobacteria to solar UV-B. Plant Ecol 154:219–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith G, Markham K (1998) Tautomerism of flavonol glucosides: relevance to plant UV protection and flower colour. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 118:99–105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solovchenko A, Merzlyak M (2003) Optical properties and contribution of cuticle to UV protection in plants: experiments with apple fruit. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2:861–866

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solovchenko A, Schmitz-Eiberger M (2003) Significance of skin flavonoids for UV-B-protection in apple fruits. J Exp Bot 54:1977–1984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solovchenko A et al (2001) Spectrophotometric analysis of pigments in apples. Russ J Plant Physiol 48:698

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solovchenko A, Matthes A, Schmitz-Eiberger M (2005) The role of solar UV in long-term adaptation of ripening apple fruits to high sunlight. J Appl Bot Food Qual 79:72–76

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solovchenko A, Avertcheva O, Merzlyak M (2006) Elevated sunlight promotes ripening-associated pigment changes in apple fruit. Postharvest Biol Technol 40:183–189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solovchenko A et al (2008) Effects of light and nitrogen starvation on the content and composition of carotenoids of the green microalga Parietochloris incisa. Russ J Plant Physiol 55:457

    Google Scholar 

  • Solovchenko A, Khozin-Goldberg I, Cohen Z, Merzlyak M (2009) Carotenoid-to-chlorophyll ratio as a proxy for assay of total fatty acids and arachidonic acid content in the green microalga Parietochloris incisa. J Appl Phycol 21:361–366

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinbrenner J, Linden H (2003) Light induction of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis: regulation by photosynthetic redox control. Plant Mol Biol 52:343–356

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinmüller D, Tevini M (1985) Composition and function of plastoglobuli. Planta 163:201–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steyn W, Wand S, Holcroft D, Jacobs G (2002) Anthocyanins in vegetative tissues: a proposed unified function in photoprotection. New Phytol 155:349–361

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steyn WJ, Wand SJE, Jacobs G, Rosecrance RC, Roberts SC (2009) Evidence for a photoprotective function of low-temperature-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple and pear peel. Physiol Planta 136:461–472

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strack D, Wray V (1989) Anthocyanins. In: Harborne J, Dey P (eds) Methods in plant biochemistry, vol 1. Academic, London, pp 325–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Strack D, Vogt T, Schliemann W (2003) Recent advances in betalain research. Phytochemistry 62:247–269

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka Y, Sasaki N, Ohmiya A (2008) Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins, betalains and carotenoids. Plant J 54:733

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tattini M, Gravano E, Pinelli P, Mulinacci N, Romani A (2000) Flavonoids accumulate in leaves and glandular trichomes of Phillyrea latifolia exposed to excess solar radiation. New Phytol 148:69–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tevini M, Steinmüller D (1985) Composition and function of plastoglobuli. Planta 163:91–96

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tevini M, Braun J, Fieser G (1991) The protective function of the epidermal layer of rye seedlings against ultraviolet-B radiation. Photochem Photobiol 53:329–333

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thelander M, Narita J, Gruissem W (1986) Plastid differentiation and pigment biosynthesis during tomato fruit ripening. Curr Top Plant Biochem Physiol 5:128–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson G (1996) Lipids and membrane function in green algae. Biochim Biophys Acta 1302:17–45

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turunen M, Heller W, Stich S, Sandermann H, Sutinen M, Norokorpi Y (1999) The effects of UV exclusion on the soluble phenolics of young Scots pine seedlings in the subarctic. Environ Pollut 106:219–228

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vishnevetsky M, Ovadis M, Zuker A, Vainstein A (1999) Molecular mechanisms underlying carotenogenesis in the chromoplast: multilevel regulation of carotenoid-associated genes. Plant J 20:423

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vogt T, Ibdah M, Schmidt J, Wray V, Nimtz M, Strack D (1999) Light-induced betacyanin and flavonol accumulation in bladder cells of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Phytochemistry 52:583–592

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wade H, Bibikova T, Valentine W, Jenkins G (2001) Interactions within a network of phytochrome, cryptochrome and UV-B phototransduction pathways regulate chalcone synthase gene expression in Arabidopsis leaf tissue. Plant J 25:675

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang B, Zarka A, Trebst A, Boussiba S (2003) Astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae) as an active photoprotective process under high irradiance. J Phycol 39:1116–1124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weger H, Silim S, Guy R (1993) Photosynthetic acclimation to low temperature by western red cedar seedlings. Plant Cell Environ 16:711–717

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weisshaar B, Jenkins G (1998) Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and its regulation. Curr Opin Plant Biol 1:251–257

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitelam G, Codd G (1986) Damaging effects of light on microorganisms. In: Herbert R, Codd G (eds) Microbes in extreme environments. Academic, London, pp 129–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeliou K, Manetas Y, Petropoulou Y (2009) Transient winter leaf reddening in Cistus creticus characterizes weak (stress-sensitive) individuals, yet anthocyanins cannot alleviate the adverse effects on photosynthesis. J Exp Bot 60:3031–3042

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng X-Q, Chow WS, Su L-J, Peng X-X, Peng C-L (2010) Protective effect of supplemental anthocyanins on Arabidopsis leaves under high light. Physiol Planta 138:215–225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhekisheva M, Boussiba S, Khozin-Goldberg I, Zarka A, Cohen Z (2002) Accumulation of oleic acid in Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae) under nitrogen starvation or high light is correlated with that of astaxanthin esters. J Phycol 38:325–331

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhekisheva M, Zarka A, Khozin-Goldberg I, Cohen Z, Boussiba S (2005) Inhibition of astaxanthin synthesis under high irradiance does not abolish triacylglycerol accumulation in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae). J Phycol 41:819–826

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexei Solovchenko .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Solovchenko, A. (2010). Stress-Induced Buildup of Screening Pigments. In: Photoprotection in Plants. Springer Series in Biophysics, vol 14. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13887-4_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13887-4_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-13886-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-13887-4

  • eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics