Abstract
In the Arctic, climate change is evident and occurring at a rate faster than other parts of the planet. The 2007 physical science report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) confirms that temperatures in the Arctic have increased by approximately twice the global average between 1965 and 2005 (IPCC, 2007: 339). Since 1975, temperatures in Alaska have increased by an average of 2–3.5°C.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Alaska Community Database Summaries, Shishmaref. Available from http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_Name=Shishmaref
Alaska Community Database Summaries, Kivalina. Available from http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_Name=Kivalina
ASCG Incorporated. (2004): Newtok Background for Relocation Report. ASCG Incorporated, Anchorage, AK.
Atkinson, D. (2007): Coastal Hazards in Alaska: Threats, Trends and Needs. Presentation at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. 6 November.
Black, M., and P. Opheen. (2008): Recommendations Report to the Governor’s Subcabinet on Climate Change. Immediate Action Workgroup, Anchorage, AK.
Borenstein, S. (2008): Odds increase for ice-free North Pole this summer. Anchorage Daily News. 28 June. p. A1.
Borenstein, S. (2007): As ice melts, so do records. Anchorage Daily News. 12 December. p. A1.
Bragg, B. (2007): Fierce fall storm pounds Kivalina after most villagers flee. Anchorage Daily News. 14 September. p. A1.
Cox, S. (2007): An Overview of Erosion, Flooding, and Relocation Efforts in the Native Village of Newtok. Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development, Anchorage, AK.
deMarban, A. (2006): New wall takes sea’s first test. Anchorage Daily News. 15 September. p. B1.
Hufford, G., and J. Partain. (2005): Climate Change and Short-Term Forecasting for Alaskan Northern Coasts. National Weather Service, Anchorage, AK.
Hugo, G. (1996): Environmental concerns and international migration. In: International Migration Review. The Center for Migration Studies, New York, NY.
International Organization for Migration. (2007): Migration and the environment, ninety-fourth session. Discussion Note. International Organization for Migration, Geneva.
IPCC. (2007): Climate Change 2007: The Physical Scientific Basis. Contributions of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Marquis, K.B., Averyt, K.B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H.L. (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY.
Kniveton, D., K. Schmidt-Verkerk, C. Smith, and R. Black. (2008): Climate Change and Migration: Improving Methodologies to Estimate Flows. International Organization for Migration, Geneva.
Leighton, M. (2008): Summary of desertification and drought related migration. Paper for the 16–18 April Expert Workshop on Environment and Migration, Munich.
Morales, C. (2008): Desertification, degradation and migration in Latin America and the Caribbean. Paper for the 16–18 April Expert Workshop on Environment and Migration, Munich.
OCHA. (1999): OCHA Orientation Handbook on Complex Emergencies. OCHA, New York, NY.
Shulski, M., and G. Wendler. (2007): The Climate of Alaska. University of Alaska Press, Fairbanks, AK.
Swan, C. (2007a): A presentation by the native village of Kivalina and the City of Kivalina to the Alaska climate impact assessment commission, Anchorage, AK, June 28.
Swan, C. (2007b): A presentation to the subcommittee on disaster recovery HSGAC, Anchorage, AK, October 11.
TetraTech, Inc. (2004): Shishmaref Partnership Shishmaref Relocation and Collocation Study. TetraTech, Inc., Anchorage, AK.
Tryck, N.M. (2006): Kivalina, Alaska: Relocation Planning Project Master Plan. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Anchorage, AK.
US Army Corps of Engineers. (2006): Alaska Village Erosion Technical Assistance Program. US Army Corps of Engineers, Anchorage, AK.
United States General Accounting Office. (2003): Alaska Native Villages: Most Are Affected by Flooding and Erosion, but Few Qualify for Federal Assistance. General Accounting Office, Washington, DC.
Weyiouanna, T., Sr. (2007): Shishmaref erosion and relocation coalition concerns. Immediate Action Workgroup Hearing. Fairbanks, AK, November 6.
World Bank. (2004): Involuntary Resettlement Sourcebook: Planning and Implementation in Development Projects. World Bank, Washington, DC.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bronen, R. (2010). Forced Migration of Alaskan Indigenous Communities Due to Climate Change. In: Afifi, T., Jäger, J. (eds) Environment, Forced Migration and Social Vulnerability. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12416-7_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12416-7_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-12415-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-12416-7
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)