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Pathogens in Severe Sepsis: New Paradigms for Fungi Treatment

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Sepsis Management

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Abstract

Candida is one of the most frequent pathogens in bloodstream infections, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology of the species responsible for candidemia, both at the local and worldwide levels, has been changing, shifting from C. albicans to non-albicans species, which can be resistant to fluconazole (C. krusei and C. glabrata) or difficult to eradicate because of biofilm production (C. parapsilosis). Numerous ICU patients have multiple risk factors for developing this infection, which include prolonged hospitalisation, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, presence of intravascular catheters, parenteral nutrition, high APACHE score, etc. Moreover, delaying the specific therapy was shown to further increase morbidity and mortality. In order to minimise the impact of this infection, several management strategies have been developed, namely prophylaxis, empirical and pre-emptive therapy. Compared to prophylaxis, empirical and pre-emptive approaches allow reducing the exposure to antifungals by targeting only the patients at high risk of candidemia, without delaying therapy until the moment blood Candida is identified in blood cultures. The agents recommended for initial treatment of candidemia in critically ill patients include echinocandins and a lipid formulation of amphotericin B.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Infectious Diseases Division, Santa Maria Della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy

    Matteo Bassetti

  2. Clinica Malattie Infettive, A.O.U. Santa Maria Della Misericordia, Udine, Italy

    Matteo Bassetti

  3. Infectious Diseases Division, San Martino Hospital and University of Genoa School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy

    Malgorzata Mikulska

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  1. Matteo Bassetti
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  2. Malgorzata Mikulska
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Correspondence to Matteo Bassetti .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad de Cuidados Críticos, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Carrer Mallafré Guasch 4, Tarragona, 43007, Spain

    Jordi Rello

  2. Intensive Care Facility, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, 4029, Queensland, Australia

    J. Lipman

  3. Unidad de Cuidados Críticos, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Carrer Mallafré Guasch 4, Tarragona, 43007, Spain

    Thiago Lisboa

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Bassetti, M., Mikulska, M. (2012). Pathogens in Severe Sepsis: New Paradigms for Fungi Treatment. In: Rello, J., Lipman, J., Lisboa, T. (eds) Sepsis Management. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03519-7_11

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